MCCN SDAP X - Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions with Complete Solutions, Rated A+

NEOPLASIA - CORRECT SOLUTION NEW VOLUME OF TISSUE. NEOPLASTIC CELLS - CORRECT SOLUTION CELLS THAT DO NOT WAIT FOR SIGNALS FROM THE BODY THAT SAY NEW TISSUE IS NEEDED, THEY IGNORE SIGNALS TO STOP DIVIDING, THEY DO NOT DIE OFF (APOPTOSIS), THEY CAN BE BENIGN OR MALIGNANT. WHAT IS THE ASTROLOGICAL IMAGE OF CANCER? - CORRECT SOLUTION CRAB; THIS IMAGE IS HELPFUL BECAUSE CANCER GROWS OUTWARD "INVADING" LIKE THE LEGS OF A CRAB, AND ALSO BECAUSE CANCER CLINGS TO PEOPLE AND HOLDS THEM IN IT'S "CLAWS" CARCINOS - CORRECT SOLUTION A WORD MEANING CANCER OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE DYSPLASIA - CORRECT SOLUTION AN ABNORMAL VOLUME OF TISSUE; IT IS NOT MALIGNANT BUT IT MIGHT BECOME MALIGNANT. MILD DYSPLASIA - CORRECT SOLUTION ABOUT ⅓ OF CELLS ARE ABNORMAL MODERATE DYSPLASIA - CORRECT SOLUTION ABOUT ⅔ OF CELLS ARE ABNORMAL SEVERE DYSPLASIA - CORRECT SOLUTION NEARLY ALL CELLS ARE ABNORMAL ABOVE THE BASEMENT MEMBRANE CARCINOMA IN SITU - CORRECT SOLUTION LITERALLY "EPITHELIAL MALIGNANCY THAT IS IN PLACE". IRREVERSIBLE. LOCALIZED AND PRE-INVASIVE. THE MALIGNANT CELLS LIE ABOVE THE BASEMENT MEMBRANE. WHY COULD SEVERE DYSPLASIA BE CONSIDERED CARCINOMA IN SITU(CIS)? - CORRECT SOLUTION SEVERE DYSPLASIA AND CARCINOMA IN SITU ARE OFTEN INDISTINGUISHABLE UNDER THE MICROSCOPE COULD MILD, MODERATE OR SEVERE DYSPLASIA REVERT BACK TO NORMAL TISSUE? - CORRECT SOLUTION YES COULD CARCINOMA IN SITU REVERT BACK TO NORMAL TISSUE? - CORRECT SOLUTION NO metaplasia - cORRECT sOLUTION Change in cell type (potentially reversible) carcinogen - cORRECT sOLUTION a substance capable of causing cancer in living tissue. (Initiate malignant cellular change, triggers) commonly acquired carcinogens (triggers, risk factors) - cORRECT sOLUTION radiation, ultraviolet (UV) light, environmental pollutants, smoking, asbestos, oncogenic viruses How do defective cyclins play a role in increasing the risk of malignancy? - cORRECT sOLUTION Cyclins make sure the cell has made the proteins needed to separate the chromosomes, check that the DNA has been correctly duplicated, and measure whether the cell has grown large enough to divide. Defective cyclins = inadequate checkpoints, quality control, for cell division. This allows mutated cells to exist and multiply. hematogenous - cORRECT sOLUTION Distributed or spread by way of the blood stream Tumor Angiogenic Factor - cORRECT sOLUTION a growth factor put out by malignant cells that promotes the development of new blood vessels Describe the concept of accidental DNA mutation - cORRECT sOLUTION Cancer arises from cells capable of mitosis. Every time a cell divides there is an increased chance for DNA mutation. Defective (mutated) checkpoints in cell division increase the risk for malignancy. (Normally cyclins make sure the cell has made the proteins needed to separate the chromosomes and check that the DNA has been correctly duplicated. Cyclin proteins measure whether the cell has grown large enough to divide). Is heredity a risk factor for cancer? - cORRECT sOLUTION Yes, cancer occurs in 10% of persons with 1 affected first degree relative, 15% with 2, and 30% with 3. Initiation - cORRECT sOLUTION Exposure to carcinogen (trigger or risk factor)