NURS 612 Exam 1 Proctored Exam

Lacrimal gland - ANSWERSlocated in the temporal region of the superior eyelid and produces tears that moisten the eye. eye muscles - ANSWERSsuperior, inferior, medial, and lateral rectus muscles superior and inferior oblique muscles eye nerves - ANSWERSIII (oculomotor) IV (trochlear) VI (abducens) conjunctiva - ANSWERSa clear, thin mucous membrane sclera - ANSWERSthe dense, avascular structure that appears anteriorly as the white of the eye cornea - ANSWERSconstitutes the anterior sixth of the globe and is continuous with the sclera optically clear uvea - ANSWERSthe iris, ciliary body, and choroids lens - ANSWERSbiconvex, transparent structure located immediately behind the iris. retina - ANSWERSthe sensory network of the eye. eye changes in older adults - ANSWERSprogressive weakening of accommodation (presbyopia) Risk factors for cataract formation - ANSWERSfamily history steroid medication use exposure to ultraviolet light cigarette smoking diabetes mellitus aging legal blindness (Snellen chart) - ANSWERSVision not correctable to better than 20/200 blurred vision vs. diplopia - ANSWERSburred vision represents a problem with visual acuity diplopia is the perception of two images and may be monocular or binocular -monocular = optical problem -binocular = alignment problem factors that affect visual acuity testing - ANSWERSmotivation, interest, literacy, intelligence, and attention span Describe the process of performing the Snellen acuity exam - ANSWERSposition patient 20 feet away from the chart make sure that the chart is well lighted test each eye individually by covering one eye if testing the patient with and without corrective lenses, record the readings separately and always test vision without glasses first Ask patient to identify all the letters, beginning at any line determine the smallest line in which the patient can identify all of the letters and record visual acuity designated by that line. Visual acuity test fraction - ANSWERSnumerator indicates the distance of the patient from the chart denominator indicates the distance at which the average eye can read the line pinhole test - ANSWERSperformed if the visual acuity is recorded at a fraction less than 20/20 to see if the observed decrease in acuity was caused by a refractive error. -pinhole occluder held over the uncovered eye. measurement of near vision - ANSWERShave patient hold the Rosenbaum Pocket Vision Screener at a comfortable distance (about 35cm/14inches) from the eyes and read the smallest line possible. confrontation test - ANSWERStests peripheral vision sit or stand opposite the patient at eye level at a distance of about 3ft ask the pt to cover the right eye while you cover your left eye. fully extend your arm midway between the patient and yourself and wiggle your fingers as you move your arm slowly centrally. Have the patient tell you when the fingers are fist seen compare the patient's response to the time you first note the fingers Test nasal, temporal, superior, and inferior fields LEsions most likely to produce abnormalities include stroke, retinal detachment, optic neuropathy, pituitary tumor compression at the optic chiasm, and central retinal vascular occlusion Color vision test - ANSWERScolor plates in which numerals are produced in primary colors and surrounded by confusing colors patient is asked to read the numbers A finding of course eyebrows that do not extend beyond the temporal canthus may indicate what? - ANSWERShypothyroidism periorbital edema may indicate what? - ANSWERSthyroid eye disease allergies renal disease (nephrotic syndrome) heart disease (congestive heart failure) A finding of flat to slightly raised, oval, irregularly shaped, yellow-tinted lesions (xanthelasma) on the periorbital tissues indicates what? - ANSWERSdepositions of lipids and may suggest an abnormality of lipid metabolism