Stage 8 Exam: Radiology and Ultrasound Imaging

Stage 8 Exam: Radiology and Ultrasound Imaging The first cervical vertebra (C1) is the: - Atlas Which vessels carry carbon dioxide-rich blood? - Veins Which of the following does not prevent radiation exposure? - Dosimeter badges In dogs and cats, functioning mammary glands are found in: - Sexually-mature females only What is the maximum allowable annual dose of occupational radiation per person? - 0.05 Sv T/F: Radiation exposure gradually decreases over a lifetime. - False When is it allowable to have your hand within the primary beam? - NEVER The vertebral formula for the dog and cat is: - C7, T13, L7 Which safety feature limits the size of the primary beam to reduce secondary radiation? - The collimator Which of the following regulates the energy of the x-ray beam? - kVp How many total ribs are in the dog and cat? - 26 An under-exposed radiograph would be __ ____ and you would _______ the kVp or mAs for a better technique. - Too light, increase The site of measurement for a radiograph of the stifle would be the: - Knee Using a grid or the Bucky is suggested when a body part measures over ___ cm. - 10 T/F: X-rays can be affected by magnetic fields. - False The layer of skin that contains dead keratin cells is the: - Epidermis The maintenance of a radiology log is a strict mandatory law for each state and regulated by: - The state's health department Which tubular structure directs urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder? - Ureter The heart is anatomically located _____ to the diaphragm. - Cranial What is the term used for the length of time of pregnancy? - Gestation In manual processing of radiographic film, which tank is used twice during developing? - Rinse water tank The axial skeleton consists of the bones and cartilage of the: - Skull, spine, sternum and ribs Which contrast media is a positive contrast media used in radiology? - Barium The areas of the lungs where gases of carbon dioxide and oxygen exchange places are the: - Alveolar sacs When radiographing an obese patient, the rule of thumb would be to: - Increase the kVp by 15% Which substance absorbs the greatest amount of radiation? - Lead In modern radiology machines, what heats up the filament? - Rotor A disadvantage of digital radiography is: - Cost In radiology, the term SID stands for: - The Source-Image Distance Which of the following is true regarding ultrasonography? - Sound waves echoing off of tissues create the image of internal organs Which statement is correct regarding film identification? - A light flasher, also called flash block is used before processing an exposed film. In the vacuum tube of the x-ray machine, the point where the electron beam interacts with the anode is called the: - Focal spot Bucky is a type of: - Grid Which diagnostic imaging process allows for direct visualization of internal anatomy? - Endoscopy Which cells of the body are most susceptible to radiation damage? - Rapidly dividing cells The kidneys are anatomically located ______ within the abdomen. - Dorsally Tendons attach: - Muscle to bone Joints are formed: - By 2 bones The urethra exits the _____ end of the urinary bladder. - Caudal The second cervical (C2) vertebra is called the: - Axis When taking a thoracic radiograph, it is important to take the image on: - Peak inhalation Polydactyl means: - Many toes The term radiopaque applies to those substances that are ____ contrast and show up ____ on radiographs, whereas radiolucent refers to substances that are _____ contrast and show up ____ on radiographs. - Positive / White, Negative / Dark A radiograph cannot be used as a legal document if it is: - Unlabeled When taking a radiograph of a patient in dorsal recumbency, the x-rays would enter which aspect of the patient's body? - Ventral The TL junction of the vertebrae is: - The most common area for spinal injury Which statement is not true of the calipers? - The caliper is slipped under the thinnest point of the patient's anatomical part being radiographed. Which is not a part of the excretory system? - Gallbladder Explain in your own words why it is important to take two views of a specific anatomical area. Also explain an exception to the rule in small animal medicine. - Since a radiograph is a two-dimensional impression of a three-dimensional structure, the veterinary assistant should take at least two films of the same region at right angles to each other. The exception to this rule in small animal medicine is when the patient is badly injured and should not be manipulated into position. When severe trauma has occurred, the patient should only be placed in lateral recumbency. This not only for their comfort but also so no further injury can occur during the x-ray process. What is scatter radiation? - It is secondary radiation coming from the primary beam of the x-ray machine. The primary X-rays scatter off of and away from the object hitting other targets. What is scatter radiation caused by? - It is caused by the electrons (x-rays) of longer wavelengths being only partially absorbed and scattering in different directions from the primary beam. Secondary radiation can be from X-rays being deflected by patient anatomy, especially bone. Why is scatter radiation dangerous? - Scatter radiation is dangerous because the radiation can be absorbed by the veterinary staff member(s) restraining the patient and by any other staff member present during the procedure. How does the collimator affect scatter radiation? - The collimator is located just below the x-ray tube and utilizes lead shutters that can be closed down to keep the primary x-ray beam in a smaller area, thus reducing secondary radiation.