2024
PROCESSING FUNDAMENTALS
OF FOOD SCIENCE EXAM WITH
100% CORRECT ANSWERS
2024
What is a unit operation? - CORRECT ANSWERS-- basic step in a process
- involves physical or chemical changes
How are unit operations used in the food industry - CORRECT ANSWERS--
utilized in making of variety of food products
- key element to food processing = selection and comination of unit
operations into more complex integrated processing systems.
What are some common unit operations? (11) - CORRECT ANSWERS-1.
materials handling/harvesting
2. cleaning
3. separating
4. disintegrating
5. pumping
6. mixing
7. Heat exchanging
8. evaporation
9. drying
10. forming
11. packaging
What is materials handling/harvesting - CORRECT ANSWERS-Includes hand
and mechanical harvesting on farm and transportation
It is crucial to:
⚫ maintain sanitary conditions
⚫ minimize product loss
⚫ maintain quality
⚫ minimize bacterial growth
⚫ Maximize efficiency
What is the importance of cleaning as a food industry unit operation? -
CORRECT ANSWERS-⚫ Crucial to safety and quality of product
⚫ Often require cleaning prior to use
⚫ - Simple removal of dirt using a brush
⚫ - Complex removal of bacteria from liquids using a filter
, 2024
What are common techniques used for cleaning unit operation in food
industry? - CORRECT ANSWERS-⚫ Common techniques; technique
dependent on food commodity
- Brushing
⚫ Air
⚫ Steam
⚫ Vacuum
⚫ Magnets
⚫ Mechanical separation
⚫ Equipment and facilities also need to be cleaned
What are two ways to think about "separating" as a unit operation in the
food industry? - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Forms (separating one form from
another, like solid from solid, solid from liquid, etc.)
- Methods (how the actual sorting is done: hand sorted, mechanically
sorted, etc.)
What are the different types of separating forms (unit operation in food
industry)? - CORRECT ANSWERS-⚫ Solid from solid skins from potatoes,
shells from nuts
⚫ Solid from liquid filtration (filth or pulp from juice)
⚫ Liquids from solids pressing juice from fruit
⚫ Liquid from liquid oil from water (milk)
⚫ Gas from solid or liquid vacuum removal of air (canned foods)
What are different methods for separating? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Methods
⚫ Hand sorting and grading - most common, but has high cost of labor
⚫ Mechanical and electronic - cheaper, common with size
⚫ Photocell - detect color difference, reject or sort out, rapid
⚫ Milling - corn from kernels
⚫ Crystallization - sugar from cane juice
What is "disintegrating" as a unit operation in food processing? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Divide large pieces of food into smaller units ⚫ Cutting ⚫
Grinding ⚫ Pulping ⚫ Homogenizing
What are considerations for mixing in food industry? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-⚫ Many types of mixers depending on materials
⚫ All types of mixers produce some increase in temperature
What is pumping? - CORRECT ANSWERS-⚫ Very common unit operation
⚫ Moves liquids or solids from one location to another
⚫ Many choices in pumps depending on material to be conveyed
What is "heat exchanging" as a unit operation? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Heating - destroy microbes and preserve food, evaporate moisture
and develop flavors, increase palatability
⚫ Heat exchangers (HTST), jacketed/steam kettle, retorts, roasters,
toasters, steam, flame, extruder, etc.
PROCESSING FUNDAMENTALS
OF FOOD SCIENCE EXAM WITH
100% CORRECT ANSWERS
2024
What is a unit operation? - CORRECT ANSWERS-- basic step in a process
- involves physical or chemical changes
How are unit operations used in the food industry - CORRECT ANSWERS--
utilized in making of variety of food products
- key element to food processing = selection and comination of unit
operations into more complex integrated processing systems.
What are some common unit operations? (11) - CORRECT ANSWERS-1.
materials handling/harvesting
2. cleaning
3. separating
4. disintegrating
5. pumping
6. mixing
7. Heat exchanging
8. evaporation
9. drying
10. forming
11. packaging
What is materials handling/harvesting - CORRECT ANSWERS-Includes hand
and mechanical harvesting on farm and transportation
It is crucial to:
⚫ maintain sanitary conditions
⚫ minimize product loss
⚫ maintain quality
⚫ minimize bacterial growth
⚫ Maximize efficiency
What is the importance of cleaning as a food industry unit operation? -
CORRECT ANSWERS-⚫ Crucial to safety and quality of product
⚫ Often require cleaning prior to use
⚫ - Simple removal of dirt using a brush
⚫ - Complex removal of bacteria from liquids using a filter
, 2024
What are common techniques used for cleaning unit operation in food
industry? - CORRECT ANSWERS-⚫ Common techniques; technique
dependent on food commodity
- Brushing
⚫ Air
⚫ Steam
⚫ Vacuum
⚫ Magnets
⚫ Mechanical separation
⚫ Equipment and facilities also need to be cleaned
What are two ways to think about "separating" as a unit operation in the
food industry? - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Forms (separating one form from
another, like solid from solid, solid from liquid, etc.)
- Methods (how the actual sorting is done: hand sorted, mechanically
sorted, etc.)
What are the different types of separating forms (unit operation in food
industry)? - CORRECT ANSWERS-⚫ Solid from solid skins from potatoes,
shells from nuts
⚫ Solid from liquid filtration (filth or pulp from juice)
⚫ Liquids from solids pressing juice from fruit
⚫ Liquid from liquid oil from water (milk)
⚫ Gas from solid or liquid vacuum removal of air (canned foods)
What are different methods for separating? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Methods
⚫ Hand sorting and grading - most common, but has high cost of labor
⚫ Mechanical and electronic - cheaper, common with size
⚫ Photocell - detect color difference, reject or sort out, rapid
⚫ Milling - corn from kernels
⚫ Crystallization - sugar from cane juice
What is "disintegrating" as a unit operation in food processing? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Divide large pieces of food into smaller units ⚫ Cutting ⚫
Grinding ⚫ Pulping ⚫ Homogenizing
What are considerations for mixing in food industry? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-⚫ Many types of mixers depending on materials
⚫ All types of mixers produce some increase in temperature
What is pumping? - CORRECT ANSWERS-⚫ Very common unit operation
⚫ Moves liquids or solids from one location to another
⚫ Many choices in pumps depending on material to be conveyed
What is "heat exchanging" as a unit operation? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Heating - destroy microbes and preserve food, evaporate moisture
and develop flavors, increase palatability
⚫ Heat exchangers (HTST), jacketed/steam kettle, retorts, roasters,
toasters, steam, flame, extruder, etc.
