Exam (elaborations) NSC MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING

The rights of Audrey Berman, Shirlee J. Snyder, and Geralyn Frandsen to be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Authorized adaptation from the United States edition, entitled Kozier & Erb’s Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process, and Practice, 11th Edition, ISBN 9780135428733, by Audrey Berman, Shirlee J. Snyder, and Geralyn Frandsen, published by Pearson Education © 2021. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. For information regarding permissions, request forms and the appropriate contacts within the Pearson Education Global Rights & Permissions department, please visit Attributions of third-party content appear on the appropriate page within the text. PEARSON, ALWAYS LEARNING, and MYLAB are exclusive trademarks owned by Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates in the U.S. and/or other countries. Notice: Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of information presented in this book. The authors, editors, and the publisher, however, cannot accept any responsibility for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, express or implied, with respect to its contents. The authors and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selections and dosages set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, and differences in standards and practices across various regions, the reader is urged to check the package inserts of all drugs for any change in indications of dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Unless otherwise indicated herein, any third-party trademarks that may appear in this work are the property of their respective owners, and any references to third-party trademarks, logos or other trade dress are for demonstrative or descriptive purposes only. Such references are not intended to imply any sponsorship, endorsement, authorization, or promotion of Pearson’s products by the owners of such marks, or any relationship between the owner and Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates, authors, licensees or distributors. This eBook is a standalone product and may or may not include all assets that were part of the print version. It also does not provide access to other Pearson digital products like MyLab and Mastering. The publisher reserves the right to remove any material in this eBook at any time. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Print ISBN 10: -X Print ISBN 13: 978--3 eBook ISBN 13: 978-1-292-35980-9 Typeset by SPi Global Dedication Audrey Berman dedicates this eleventh edition to her mother, Lotte Henrietta Julia Sarah Rosenberg Berman Isaacs (1926–2017), who raised two strong daughters and served as a role model to each of them and also to her grandchildren, Brian and Jordanna, and great-grandsons, Benjamin and Adam. May her memory be a blessing. Shirlee Snyder dedicates this eleventh edition in memory of her older brother, Ted Snyder, whose legacy is his loving and caring family; to her younger brother, Dan Snyder, who enjoys his retirement with his wife, children, and grandchildren; to Kelly Bishop, the best daughter ever and her first great-grandchild, Oliver; to her stepson, Steven Schnitter; to all the nurses who contribute to the nursing profession; and always, to her husband, Terry J. Schnitter, for his continual love and support. Geralyn Frandsen dedicates this eleventh edition to her loving husband and fellow nursing colleague, Gary. He is always willing to answer questions and provide editorial support. She also dedicates this edition to her childre