NURS 420 Final Exam Practice - Questions, Answers and Rationales

NURS 420 Final Exam Practice - Questions, Answers and Rationales All of the following statements about the World Health Organization (WHO) are true, EXCEPT: A. WHO is primarily a technical agency involved in advocacy, and generating and sharing knowledge. B. WHO leads the development of international agreements and conventions. C. WHO is a major financing agency for global health projects. D. WHO is governed through the annual World Health Assembly. What current global health causes of Death rank #1 and #2 as of 2019? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY A. Maternal Death B. Cardiovascular Disease C. Pneumonia D. Infectious Diseases What is the purpose of critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) after a disaster? A. Evaluate the outcomes of the care provided B. Prevent post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) C. Ensure all documentation has been completed D. Determine if role assignments need to be adjusted Critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) addresses pre-crisis through post-crisis interventions. After working through the turmoil and the emotional impact of the incident as well as the aftermath, the staff may find it difficult to "get back to normal." Without intervention during and after the emergency, they may develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). CISD is not conducted to evaluate outcomes of care, ensure documentation is completed, or analyze role performance during the disaster. Which tag color according to the disaster triage tag system is assigned to a client who has an immediate threat to life? A. Red tag B. Black tag C. Green tag D. Yellow tag According to the disaster triage tag system, a red colored tag is used for a client who has an immediate threat to life. A black colored tag is used for a client who is expected to die or is dead. Green colored tags are used for a client who has minor injuries. A yellow colored tag is used for a client who has major injuries and is requiring immediate treatment. TRUE OR FALSE The most important factor in the spread of TB from lower-income countries to higher-income countries is immigration. TRUE Which medical relief team would the nurse explain provides relief services ranging from primary healthcare and triage to evacuation and staffing to assist healthcare facilities in a massive disaster? A. Medical Reserve Corps (MRC) B. Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT) C. Hospital Incident Command System (HICS) D. International Medical Surgical Response Teams (IMSuRTs) The DMAT is a team of civilian, medical, and paraprofessionals who are deployed to a disaster area. They provide relief services ranging from primary healthcare and triage to evacuation and staffing to assist healthcare facilities in a massive disaster. The MRC is a group of volunteer medical and public healthcare professionals. The MRC helps healthcare settings that face personnel shortages in a mass casualty event. The HICS is a facility-level organizational model to homogenize disaster operations. The IMSuRTs provide fully functional field surgical facilities in a mass casualty event whenever needed. The registered nurse is appointed as a triage officer of the disaster management team. What would be the responsibility of the nurse as a triage officer? A. To decide the resources needed for the clients B. To determine the priority of treatment for clients C. To act as leader in implementing the emergency plan D. To serve as a liaison between the hospital and the media The role of the triage officer in disaster management is to evaluate each client and to determine the priority of treatment based on the severity of the client's condition. Deciding the resource needs of clients is the responsibility of the medical command physician. The role of the hospital incident commander is to act as a leader in overall implementation of the emergency plan. Serving as a liaison between the healthcare facility and the media is the responsibility of public information officer. The nurse is caring for the survivors of a disaster. Which tag would be assigned to a client who has an open fracture with a distal pulse? A. Red B. Black C. Green D. Yellow A yellow tag is assigned to clients with open fractures that require treatment within 30 minutes to 2 hours. A red tag is assigned to clients with life-threatening conditions such as severe hemorrhage or airway obstruction that require immediate treatment. A black tag is assigned to clients who are dead or expected to die. A green tag is assigned to clients with minor injuries. What is the purpose of an administrative review debriefing session after a disaster? A. Change responsibility roles B. Prevent the development of burnout C. Analyze the amount of resources used D. Determine what went right and what went wrong The goal of the administrative review debriefing is to discern what went right and what went wrong during activation and implementation of the emergency preparedness plan. This debriefing is not used to change responsibility roles. Preventing the development of burnout is the goal of critical incident stress debriefing (CISD). Analyzing resource use would occur after the disaster plan is discontinued. A nurse is responding to the needs of victims at a collapsed building. What principle guides the nurse's priorities during this disaster? A. To save the most lives, hemorrhage necessitates immediate care. B. Those requiring minimal care are treated first so they can help others. C. Because the care is most complex, victims with head injuries are treated first. D. Children receive the highest priority because they have the greatest life expectancy. The goal in a disaster, when need exceeds resources, is to benefit the largest number of people; helping those who need less care first benefits the largest number because they become available to help others. Hemorrhage necessitating immediate care, victims with head injuries, and children are not priorities in a disaster. The nurse wishes to join the medical relief team made up of civilian medical, paraprofessional, and support personnel that is deployed to a disaster area with enough medical equipment and supplies to sustain operations for 72 hours. Which organization is this team a part of? A. Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT) B. Hospital Incident Command System (HICS) C. National Disaster Life Support Foundation, Inc. D. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) A Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT) is a medical relief team made up of civilian medical, paraprofessional, and support personnel that is deployed to a disaster area with enough medical equipment and supplies to sustain operations for 72 hours. DMATs are part of the National Disaster Medical System (NDMS) in the United States. The HICS is the facility-level organizational model for disaster management; it is a part of the National Incident Management System implemented by the Department of Homeland Security and Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The National Disaster Life Support Foundation, Inc. offers Core, Basic, and Advanced Disaster Life Support training courses on disaster response and management. FEMA provides numerous online resources, including CERT training so that people are better prepared for disasters and are able to respond more self-sufficiently The nurse is helping a triage officer evaluate the victims of a large scale disaster. Which client does the nurse anticipate will be given a black tag? A. A client with a contusion B. A client with airway obstruction C. A client with open fractures and a distal pulse D. A client with extensive full-thickness body burns A black-tagged client in a mass casualty triage situation is a critically ill client who is expected and allowed to die or is not treated until others have received care. This is done so that limited resources can be dedicated to saving the most lives, and not expended to save one life at the possible expense of many others. The client with extensive full-thickness body burns falls in this category. A client with a contusion would be green-tagged because a contusion is a minor injury that can be managed in a delayed fashion. A client with airway obstruction would be red-tagged. This client has an immediate threat to life and requires immediate attention. A client with open fractures with a distal pulse would be yellow-tagged. This is major injury that requires treatment within 30 minutes to two hours. Which nursing behavior helps establish rapport with survivors of a disaster? A. Evaluating B. Assessment C. Collaboration D. Active listening Rapport can be established through active listening. Evaluating and assessment are steps in the nursing process and are not helpful to establish rapport. Collaboration is a behavior best used when working with others during the active stages of a disaster. Several emergency preparedness agencies are developing emergency response plans in case of an earthquake alert. In which phase of the disaster management continuum would the nurse state this activity is included? A. Response B. Recovery C. Mitigation D. Preparedness The first phase of the disaster management continuum is preparedness. This is a protective plan designed before the event to structure the response, assess the risk, and evaluate the response. The response phase of the disaster continuum includes the actual implementation of the disaster plan. The recovery phase is related to actions focusing on stabilization of the community and returning it to the previous state. The mitigation phase includes attempts to limit a disaster's impact on human health and community function. When a disaster occurs, the nurse may have to first treat mass hysteria that is indicated by what response? A. Panic B. Coma C. Euphoria D. Depression People in a panic may initiate a group panic reaction even in those who appear to be in control. Comatose individuals will not cause panic in others. Euphoric individuals will not adversely affect others. Depressed people will be quiet and not affect others. Which color tag is used for a client who is expected to die after a disaster with mass casualties? A. Red tag B. Black tag C. Green tag D. Yellow tag The disaster triage tag system categorizes triage priority by color. The clients who are expected to die after a disaster are marked with a black tag. The clients who have an immediate threat to life and need emergency treatment are marked with a red tag. The clients who have minor injuries that do not require immediate treatment are marked with a green tag. The clients who have major injuries and require treatment are marked with a yellow tag. The geographic location of a community makes it vulnerable to storms. The community health nurse teaches the community about safety measures to be taken during a storm. Which phase of disaster management is this action? A. Recovery B. Response C. Mitigation D. Preparedness Preparedness is the phase in which a plan is designed before the disaster event to best structure the response. Teaching safety measures to the people of a locality is the preparedness phase. The recovery phase involves stabilizing the community after a disaster event. Response is the implementation of the disaster plan. Mitigation is a phase of disaster management in which attempts are made to limit the disaster's impact. Several nurses from Pennsylvania who are members of a disaster medical assistance team (DMAT) are being sent to South Carolina to provide healthcare to hurricane victims. What action is required prior to these nurses providing care? A. Applying for licensure in South Carolina B. Showing Pennsylvania state nursing license C. None since the nurses are acting as federal employees D. Calling the National Council for the State Boards of Nursing and request licensure Because licensed healthcare providers such as nurses act as federal employees when they are deployed, their professional licenses are recognized and valid in all states. There is no need for the nurses to apply for licensure in South Carolina, show Pennsylvania license, or call the National Council for the State Board of Nursing to request licensure. For which type of injury would the nurse classify a client with a black tag during a disaster situation? A. Young adult with closed fractures of the right leg B. Young adult with bruises and superficial lacerations C. Older adult with massive head trauma and multiple open fractures D. Middle-aged adult with third-degree burns over 20 percent of his body An older adult with massive head trauma and open fractures is categorized with a black tag. A young adult with closed fractures of the right leg is assigned a yellow tag. A young adult with bruises and superficial lacerations is classified with a green tag. A middle-aged adult with third-degree burns over 20 percent of his body would receive a red tag. The registered nurse raises a concern about preparedness after the community healthcare provider explains the disaster plan schedule. Which statement made by the provider is the registered nurse concerned about? A. "We found a few issues when the plan was implemented in a drill session." B. "We should have more resources to mitigate the impact of disaster on the community." C. "We have to focus on elaborating the plan for stabilizing the community after the disaster." D. "We should improvise the plan structure for handling the risks associated with the disaster." The registered nurse is concerned that improvising the plan indicates an issue with preparedness. Drills are utilized as part of training for the response phase in order to identify aspects of the plan that may need improvement. Mitigation is the phase of the disaster management continuum that includes attempts to limit the disaster's impact on the human and community function. Stabilization following a disaster would indicate the recovery phase of the disaster management continuum. After a mass casualty incident related to an accidental fire in a residential area, the medical care team is assessing clients who were affected by this disaster. The nurse notices that many of the clients are incoherent and have panic attacks and exaggerated startle responses. What condition are the clients experiencing? A. Ineffective coping B. Post-trauma syndrome C. Compromised resilience D. Disturbed personal identity Incoherence, panic attacks, and exaggerated startle responses are symptoms of post-trauma syndrome. Ineffective coping and compromised resilience is characterized by an inability to meet basic needs, inadequate problem solving, inability to attend to information, and isolation. Disturbed personal identity is manifested as self-hatred, feelings of being ineffectual, and perceived lack of control. Clients with which tag are referred to as "walking wounded" clients while managing a disaster? A. Red B. Black C. Green D. Yellow Clients who sustained minor injuries during a disaster and can evacuate themselves are referred to as walking wounded clients and they are green-tagged. Red tags are given to clients who have immediate threats to the life and should be treated immediately. Black tags are given the clients who are not expected to live or are dead. Yellow tags are given to clients who sustained major injuries and need treatment within 30 minutes to 2 hours. Which tag is suitable for a client with high priority during a disaster with mass casualties? A. Red B. Black C. Green D. Yellow The red tag is assigned to a client who requires immediate emergent treatment since he or she has a life-threatening condition. A green tag is assigned to a client who does not require immediate treatment. A black tag is assigned to a client who is about to die. The yellow tag is assigned to a client with major injuries that requires immediate treatment. Which disasters would the nurse categorize as natural events? Select all that apply. A. Blizzards B. Droughts C. Wildfires D. Nuclear explosion E. Industrial accidents Natural disasters include weather-related events that inflict significant damage to life and property, exceeding the resource capabilities of local communities. Blizzards, droughts, and wildfires are a few examples of natural disasters. Man-made occurrences are related to identifiable human actions and also include technological events such as nuclear explosions and major industrial accidents. What is the priority in preparing health care professionals for any type of disaster? A. Identification of hazards B. Cooperation with state authorities C. Collaboration with local authorities D. Implementation of federal mandates Identification of hazards is the priority in the preparedness of health care professionals in any type of disaster plan. While cooperation with state authorities, collaboration with local authorities, and implementation of federal mandates also play a role in being prepared for a disease, these are not the priority because it is essential to identify the specific hazard in order to implement the most appropriate portion of the disaster plan. A nurse who is a member of a disaster medical assistance team (DMAT) has been asked to travel to a community that recently experienced devastating tornadoes. What should the nurse communicate to the nurse manager about the work schedule before leaving on this trip? A. Will return to work the next day B. Will return to work in one week C. Will not be able to work for 2 weeks D. Will need to be off work for 72 hours Disaster medical assistance team (DMAT) personnel are deployed for a period of 2 weeks. The nurse will need to communicate his/her unavailability for work for the next 2 weeks. The nurse will not return to work the next day, in one week, or in 72 hours. Which clients belong to class I according to the disaster triage tag system? A. Clients who can wait a short time for treatment B. Clients who are dead or expected to die C. Clients who need emergency treatment D. Clients who have no urgent need for treatment Emergent clients are identified with red tags and belong to class I according to the disaster triage tag system. Clients who can wait a short time for treatment are identified by yellow tags and belong to class II according to the disaster triage tag system. Clients who are expected to die or are dead are given a black tag and belong to class IV in the disaster triage tag system. Clients who have no urgency for treatment are issued green tags and belong to class III. Which client should be treated first, according to the disaster triage tagging system? A. Client with red tag B. Client with black tag C. Client with green tag D. Client with yellow tag The red tag is applied to clients who require immediate treatment according to the disaster triage tag system, so client A requires immediate treatment. A black tag is applied to clients who are dead or expected to die and are not prioritized for immediate critical care. The green tags are applied to clients who can ambulate on their own, and there is no need of attending these clients first. The yellow tag is applied to clients who can wait a short duration for treatment and who can be treated after treating clients with red tags. Which organization provides the Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) training so that people are better prepared for disasters? A. National Disaster Medical System (NDMS) B. Hospital Incident Command System (HICS) C. National Disaster Life Support Foundation, Inc. D. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) FEMA provides numerous online resources, including CERT training so that people are better prepared for disasters and are able to respond more self-sufficiently to incidents and hazard situations in their own communities. The NDMS provides various types of relief services ranging from primary healthcare and triage to evacuation and staffing to assist healthcare facilities that have become overwhelmed with casualties. The HICS is the facility-level organizational model for disaster management; it is a part of the National Incident Management System implemented by the Department of Homeland Security and FEMA. The National Disaster Life Support Foundation, Inc. offers Core, Basic, and Advanced Disaster Life Support training courses on disaster response and management. Which statement by the registered nurse is true regarding the mitigation phase of disaster management? A. It is a phase of identifying the potential risks due to the disaster. B. It is a process of assisting clients to regain a normal level of functioning. C. It is a process of combating a disaster event and providing assistance to victims. D. It is a process of minimizing of the disaster's influence on human health and community. The process of minimizing the disaster's influence on human health and community is the mitigation phase. Identifying potential risks due to the disaster is the preparedness phase of disaster management. The process of assisting clients to regain a normal level of functioning is the response phase. The process of combating a disaster event and providing assistance to victims is the recovery phase. Which is essential for ensuring disaster readiness in a community? A. Trauma system B. State government C. Federal government D. Emergency response system A well-functioning trauma system is essential to general public health and safety. It provides the structure necessary for disaster readiness and community emergency preparedness. Although most states now have at least some basic elements of a trauma system in place, significant gaps still exist in many regions. The federal government may provide oversight for disaster readiness; however, it does provide the fundamental structure. The emergency response system is one aspect of disaster readiness; however, it does not provide the structure. The nurse is trained to work as a member of a disaster preparedness team. Which activities should the nurse be prepared to perform if a disaster were to occur? Select all that apply. A. Triage B. Palliative care C. Home visits to newborns D. Decontamination procedures E. Evaluation of the disaster plan