Chapter: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
1. Introduction to Chemical Bonding
Chemical Bond: A force that holds two or more atoms together in a molecule or
compound.
Types of Chemical Bonds:
Ionic Bond
Covalent Bond
Coordinate (Dative) Bond
Metallic Bond
2. Ionic or Electrovalent Bond
Formation: Transfer of electrons from one atom to another, leading to the formation of
positively and negatively charged ions.
Characteristics:
High melting and boiling points.
Conduct electricity in molten and aqueous states.
Generally soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvents.
Examples: NaCl, MgO, CaCl₂.
3. Covalent Bond
Formation: Sharing of electrons between atoms to achieve a noble gas configuration.
Types of Covalent Bonds:
Single Bond: Sharing of one pair of electrons (e.g., H₂, Cl₂).
Double Bond: Sharing of two pairs of electrons (e.g., O₂, CO₂).
Triple Bond: Sharing of three pairs of electrons (e.g., N₂, C₂H₂).
Characteristics:
1. Introduction to Chemical Bonding
Chemical Bond: A force that holds two or more atoms together in a molecule or
compound.
Types of Chemical Bonds:
Ionic Bond
Covalent Bond
Coordinate (Dative) Bond
Metallic Bond
2. Ionic or Electrovalent Bond
Formation: Transfer of electrons from one atom to another, leading to the formation of
positively and negatively charged ions.
Characteristics:
High melting and boiling points.
Conduct electricity in molten and aqueous states.
Generally soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvents.
Examples: NaCl, MgO, CaCl₂.
3. Covalent Bond
Formation: Sharing of electrons between atoms to achieve a noble gas configuration.
Types of Covalent Bonds:
Single Bond: Sharing of one pair of electrons (e.g., H₂, Cl₂).
Double Bond: Sharing of two pairs of electrons (e.g., O₂, CO₂).
Triple Bond: Sharing of three pairs of electrons (e.g., N₂, C₂H₂).
Characteristics:
