Pediatric AACN CCRN cardiac Questions
and Answers.
defects related to down syndrome -
\avsd
defects related to trisomy 18 -
\vsd, hlhs
defects related to turner syndrome -
\hlhs, aortic stenosis, vsd, coarction of the aorta
defect related to williams syndrome -
\supravalvlar stenosis
defect related to digeorge syndrome -
\interrupted aortic arch
defect related to noonan syndrome -
\pulmonary valve stenosis
suspect congenital heart disease in the newborn -
\sepsis, murmur and cyanosis, crying worsens cyanosis, failed hyperoxia test, abnormal
weight loss, poor feeding, discordant upper and lower pulses
atresia -
\something is missing, not developed
stenosis -
\narrowing, stricture
hypoplastic -
\small, underdeveloped
anamolous -
\abnormal, irregular, departing from the usual
Acyanotic with increased pulmoanry arterial flow? -
\ASD. VSD. PDA. AVSD.
VSD -
\Most common congenital cardiac anomaly; left to right shunt, acyanotic, increased
pulmonary blood flow. longterm: chf and pulmonary htn
, avsd -
\deformity of mitral and tricuspid valves, common av valve, mixing and leaking,
communication between all four chambers. surgical repair in infancy. can develop pulm
htn.
acyanotic defects with ventricular outflow obstruction -
\aortic stenosis, coarction of the aorta, pulmonary stenosis
How many leaflets do the semilunar valves have? -
\3 each
How many leaflets does the mitral valve have? -
\two
How many leaflets does the tricuspid valve have? -
\three
how many leaflets does the aortic valve have? -
\three
coarction of the aorta (CoA) -
\narrowing of the descending aorta. keep pda open. difference in lower vs higher
pulses. monitor for htn
Cyanotic with decreased pulmonary blood flow -
\TOF, Tricuspid atresia
tetralogy of fallot -
\underdevelopment of right ventricular findilumn. four defects: pulmonary stenosis( right
ventricular tract outflow obstruction), right ventricular hypertrophy, overriding aorta
(aorta sits on right and left ventricle), VSD.
monitor for what after TOF surgeries -
\look for right ventricular hf, don't make heart work too hard, dysrhythmias, low PVR,
bleeding
tet spells -
\Hypoxic episodes; relieved by the child squatting or being placed in the knee-chest
position, comfort, supplemental oxygen, oxygen, morphine, increase preload, sodium
bicarb, propanolol, and phenylephrine. increasing cyanosis, hyperpnea, and secondary
to spasm of infindiulm and/ or sudden drop in SVR = increases right to left shunt,
decreases pulmonary blood flow.
Phenyephrine -
\a1 AGONIST - Vasoconstrictor
and Answers.
defects related to down syndrome -
\avsd
defects related to trisomy 18 -
\vsd, hlhs
defects related to turner syndrome -
\hlhs, aortic stenosis, vsd, coarction of the aorta
defect related to williams syndrome -
\supravalvlar stenosis
defect related to digeorge syndrome -
\interrupted aortic arch
defect related to noonan syndrome -
\pulmonary valve stenosis
suspect congenital heart disease in the newborn -
\sepsis, murmur and cyanosis, crying worsens cyanosis, failed hyperoxia test, abnormal
weight loss, poor feeding, discordant upper and lower pulses
atresia -
\something is missing, not developed
stenosis -
\narrowing, stricture
hypoplastic -
\small, underdeveloped
anamolous -
\abnormal, irregular, departing from the usual
Acyanotic with increased pulmoanry arterial flow? -
\ASD. VSD. PDA. AVSD.
VSD -
\Most common congenital cardiac anomaly; left to right shunt, acyanotic, increased
pulmonary blood flow. longterm: chf and pulmonary htn
, avsd -
\deformity of mitral and tricuspid valves, common av valve, mixing and leaking,
communication between all four chambers. surgical repair in infancy. can develop pulm
htn.
acyanotic defects with ventricular outflow obstruction -
\aortic stenosis, coarction of the aorta, pulmonary stenosis
How many leaflets do the semilunar valves have? -
\3 each
How many leaflets does the mitral valve have? -
\two
How many leaflets does the tricuspid valve have? -
\three
how many leaflets does the aortic valve have? -
\three
coarction of the aorta (CoA) -
\narrowing of the descending aorta. keep pda open. difference in lower vs higher
pulses. monitor for htn
Cyanotic with decreased pulmonary blood flow -
\TOF, Tricuspid atresia
tetralogy of fallot -
\underdevelopment of right ventricular findilumn. four defects: pulmonary stenosis( right
ventricular tract outflow obstruction), right ventricular hypertrophy, overriding aorta
(aorta sits on right and left ventricle), VSD.
monitor for what after TOF surgeries -
\look for right ventricular hf, don't make heart work too hard, dysrhythmias, low PVR,
bleeding
tet spells -
\Hypoxic episodes; relieved by the child squatting or being placed in the knee-chest
position, comfort, supplemental oxygen, oxygen, morphine, increase preload, sodium
bicarb, propanolol, and phenylephrine. increasing cyanosis, hyperpnea, and secondary
to spasm of infindiulm and/ or sudden drop in SVR = increases right to left shunt,
decreases pulmonary blood flow.
Phenyephrine -
\a1 AGONIST - Vasoconstrictor
