NCM 103 Fundamentals of Nursing Practice
Chapter 4: Health and Illness
4.1 Define the following terms
Health - process through which a person seeks to maintain an equilibrium
Homeostasis - equilibrium among needs (psychological, physiological, etc.)
Adaptation - process by which a person adjusts to achieve homeostasis
Disease - occurs when there is an inability to meet one’s needs
Illness - inability of an individual’s adaptive responses to maintain balance
Wellness - condition in which an individual functions at optimal levels
High-level wellness - functioning to one’s maximum health potential
Well-being - multidimensional concept encompassing the dimensions of health
4.2 Discuss the models of health and illness
Clinical model - health is the absence of signs and symptoms of disease
Role performance model - health is the ability to perform roles effectively
Adaptive model - health is a dynamic state of equilibrium or balance
Agent-host-environment model - disease results from the three factors
Health-illness continua - health and illness exist on a spectrum
High-level wellness grid - distinguishes high-level wellness and poor health
Illness-wellness continuum - health and illness are opposite ends of a continuum
The 4 model of wellness - physical, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions
4.3 List down the variables influencing health and health beliefs and practices
Internal variables
Biologic dimension - genetic makeup, gender, age, developmental level
Psychologic dimension - mind-body interactions, self-concept
Cognitive dimension - lifestyle choices, spiritual and religious beliefs
External variables
Environment - geographic location, hazards and contamination
Standards of living - related to health, morbidity, and mortality
Family and cultural beliefs - pass on patterns of daily living
4.4 Identify the 3 Levels of Preventive Care
Primary prevention - health promotion and illness prevention
Secondary prevention - diagnosis and treatment
Tertiary prevention - rehabilitation
4.5 Explain the concept of illness as to its
Nursing science - illness is a deviation from the individual's optimal state of health
Nursing ethics - illness relates to patient autonomy, beneficence, and justice
Nursing aesthetics - illness impacts lives, relationships, and sense of well-being
Personal knowledge - experiences, beliefs, values, and attitudes towards illness
4.6 Enumerate the variables influencing illness and illness behavior
Internal variables
- If the illness disrupts their daily activities, the patient is likely to go for medical care
- If the patient thinks they are serious or life threatening they are more likely to come in
Chapter 4: Health and Illness
4.1 Define the following terms
Health - process through which a person seeks to maintain an equilibrium
Homeostasis - equilibrium among needs (psychological, physiological, etc.)
Adaptation - process by which a person adjusts to achieve homeostasis
Disease - occurs when there is an inability to meet one’s needs
Illness - inability of an individual’s adaptive responses to maintain balance
Wellness - condition in which an individual functions at optimal levels
High-level wellness - functioning to one’s maximum health potential
Well-being - multidimensional concept encompassing the dimensions of health
4.2 Discuss the models of health and illness
Clinical model - health is the absence of signs and symptoms of disease
Role performance model - health is the ability to perform roles effectively
Adaptive model - health is a dynamic state of equilibrium or balance
Agent-host-environment model - disease results from the three factors
Health-illness continua - health and illness exist on a spectrum
High-level wellness grid - distinguishes high-level wellness and poor health
Illness-wellness continuum - health and illness are opposite ends of a continuum
The 4 model of wellness - physical, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions
4.3 List down the variables influencing health and health beliefs and practices
Internal variables
Biologic dimension - genetic makeup, gender, age, developmental level
Psychologic dimension - mind-body interactions, self-concept
Cognitive dimension - lifestyle choices, spiritual and religious beliefs
External variables
Environment - geographic location, hazards and contamination
Standards of living - related to health, morbidity, and mortality
Family and cultural beliefs - pass on patterns of daily living
4.4 Identify the 3 Levels of Preventive Care
Primary prevention - health promotion and illness prevention
Secondary prevention - diagnosis and treatment
Tertiary prevention - rehabilitation
4.5 Explain the concept of illness as to its
Nursing science - illness is a deviation from the individual's optimal state of health
Nursing ethics - illness relates to patient autonomy, beneficence, and justice
Nursing aesthetics - illness impacts lives, relationships, and sense of well-being
Personal knowledge - experiences, beliefs, values, and attitudes towards illness
4.6 Enumerate the variables influencing illness and illness behavior
Internal variables
- If the illness disrupts their daily activities, the patient is likely to go for medical care
- If the patient thinks they are serious or life threatening they are more likely to come in
