FNP PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM 2024 LATEST UPDATE WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
FNP Pathophysiology final
What type of necrosis results from ischemia of neurons and glial cells?
a.Coagulative
c.Caseous
b.Liquefactive
d.Gangrene
b.Liquefactive
What type of necrosis is often associated with pulmonary tuberculosis?
a.Bacteriologic
c.Liquefactive
b.Caseous
d.Gangrenous
b.Caseous
What type of necrosis is associated with wet gangrene?
a.Coagulative
c.Caseous
b.Liquefactive
d.Gangrene
b.Liquefactive
The abnormal proliferation of cells in response to excessive hormonal stimulation is called:
a.Dysplasia
c.Hyperplasia
b.Pathologic dysplasia
d.Pathologic hyperplasia
d.Pathologic hyperplasia
After ovulation, the uterine endometrial cells divide under the influence of estrogen. This
process is an example of hormonal:
a.Hyperplasia
c.Hypertrophy
b.Dysplasia
d.Anaplasia
a.Hyperplasia
Removal of part of the liver leads to the remaining liver cells undergoing compensatory:
a.Atrophy
c.Hyperplasia
b.Metaplasia
d.Dysplasia
c.Hyperplasia
Which type of cell adaptation occurs when normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the
bronchial lining have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells?
a.Hyperplasia
c.Dysplasia
,FNP PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM 2024 LATEST UPDATE WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
b.Metaplasia
d.Anaplasia
b.Metaplasia
The mammary glands enlarge during pregnancy primarily as a consequence of hormonal:
a.Atrophy
c.Anaplasia
b.Hyperplasia
d.Dysplasia
b.Hyperplasia
Dysplasia refers to a(n):
a.Abnormal increase in the number of a specific cell type
b.True adaptive process at the cellular level
c.Modification in the shape of a specific cell type
d.Lack of oxygen at the cellular level
c.Modification in the shape of a specific cell type
What organs are affected by the type of necrosis that results from either severe ischemia or
chemical injury? (Select all that apply.)
a.Lungs
b.Brain
c.Kidneys
d.Muscles
e.Heart
c.Kidneys
e.Heart
A couple has two children diagnosed with an autosomal dominant genetic disease. What is the
probability that the next child will have the same genetic disease?
a.One sixth
c.One third
b.One fourth
d. One half
d. One half
When a child inherits a disease that is autosomal recessive, it is inherited from:
a.Father
c.Both parents
b.Mother
d.Grandparent
c.Both parents
Which is an important criterion for discerning autosomal recessive inheritance?
a.Consanguinity is sometimes present.
b.Females are affected more than males.
c.The disease is observed in both the parents, as well as in the siblings.
d.On average, one half of the offspring of the carrier will be affected.
,FNP PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM 2024 LATEST UPDATE WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
a.
Consanguinity is sometimes present.
Males are more often affected by which type of genetic disease?
a.Sex-linked dominant
c.Sex-linked
b.Sex-influenced
d.Sex-linked recessive
d.Sex-linked recessive
Insulin is used to treat hyperkalemia because it:
a.Stimulates sodium to be removed from the cell in exchange for potassium.
b.Binds to potassium to remove it through the kidneys.
c.Transports potassium from the blood to the cell along with glucose.
d.Breaks down the chemical components of potassium, causing it to be no longer effective.
c.Transports potassium from the blood to the cell along with glucose.
Graves disease develops from a(n):
a.Viral infection of the thyroid gland that causes overproduction of thyroid hormone
b.Autoimmune process during which lymphocytes and fibrous tissue replace thyroid tissue
c.Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin that causes overproduction of thyroid hormones
d.Ingestion of goitrogens that inhibits the synthesis of the thyroid hormones, causing a goiter
c.Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin that causes overproduction of thyroid hormones
The signs of thyrotoxic crisis include:
a.Constipation with gastric distention
c.Hyperthermia and tachycardia
b.Bradycardia and bradypnea
d.Constipation and lethargy
c.Hyperthermia and tachycardia
Pathologic changes associated with Graves disease include:
a.High levels of circulating thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins
b.Diminished levels of thyrotropin-releasing hormone
c.High levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone
d.Diminished levels of thyroid-binding globulin
a.High levels of circulating thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins
The level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in individuals with Graves disease is usually:
a.High
c.Normal
b.Low
d.In constant flux
b.Low
Renal failure is the most common cause of which type of hyperparathyroidism?
a.
Primary
c.
Exogenous
, FNP PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM 2024 LATEST UPDATE WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
b.
Secondary
d.
Inflammatory
b.
Secondary
The most common cause of hypoparathyroidism is:
a.Pituitary hyposecretion
c.Parathyroid gland damage
b.Parathyroid adenoma
d.Autoimmune parathyroid disease
c.Parathyroid gland damage
A person may experience which complications as a result of a reduction in parathyroid
hormone (PTH)? (Select all that apply.)
a.Muscle spasms
b.Tonic-clonic seizures
c.Laryngeal spasms
d.Hyporeflexia
e.Asphyxiation
a.Muscle spasms
b.Tonic-clonic seizures
c.Laryngeal spasms
e.Asphyxiation
What imbalance lessens the rate of secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
a.Increased serum calcium levels
b.Decreased serum magnesium levels
c.Decreased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone
d.Increased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormonefold)
a.Increased serum calcium levels
Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH) synthesized, and where does it act?
a.Hypothalamus; renal tubular cells
c.Anterior pituitary; posterior pituitary
b.Renal tubules; renal collecting ducts
d.Posterior pituitary; loop of Henle
a.Hypothalamus; renal tubular cells
What effect does hyperphosphatemia have on other electrolytes?
a.Increases serum calcium.
c.Decreases serum magnesium.
b.Decreases serum calcium.
d.Increases serum magnesium
b.Decreases serum calcium.
What is the action of calcitonin?
a.Increases metabolism.
c.Increases serum calcium.
FNP Pathophysiology final
What type of necrosis results from ischemia of neurons and glial cells?
a.Coagulative
c.Caseous
b.Liquefactive
d.Gangrene
b.Liquefactive
What type of necrosis is often associated with pulmonary tuberculosis?
a.Bacteriologic
c.Liquefactive
b.Caseous
d.Gangrenous
b.Caseous
What type of necrosis is associated with wet gangrene?
a.Coagulative
c.Caseous
b.Liquefactive
d.Gangrene
b.Liquefactive
The abnormal proliferation of cells in response to excessive hormonal stimulation is called:
a.Dysplasia
c.Hyperplasia
b.Pathologic dysplasia
d.Pathologic hyperplasia
d.Pathologic hyperplasia
After ovulation, the uterine endometrial cells divide under the influence of estrogen. This
process is an example of hormonal:
a.Hyperplasia
c.Hypertrophy
b.Dysplasia
d.Anaplasia
a.Hyperplasia
Removal of part of the liver leads to the remaining liver cells undergoing compensatory:
a.Atrophy
c.Hyperplasia
b.Metaplasia
d.Dysplasia
c.Hyperplasia
Which type of cell adaptation occurs when normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the
bronchial lining have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells?
a.Hyperplasia
c.Dysplasia
,FNP PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM 2024 LATEST UPDATE WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
b.Metaplasia
d.Anaplasia
b.Metaplasia
The mammary glands enlarge during pregnancy primarily as a consequence of hormonal:
a.Atrophy
c.Anaplasia
b.Hyperplasia
d.Dysplasia
b.Hyperplasia
Dysplasia refers to a(n):
a.Abnormal increase in the number of a specific cell type
b.True adaptive process at the cellular level
c.Modification in the shape of a specific cell type
d.Lack of oxygen at the cellular level
c.Modification in the shape of a specific cell type
What organs are affected by the type of necrosis that results from either severe ischemia or
chemical injury? (Select all that apply.)
a.Lungs
b.Brain
c.Kidneys
d.Muscles
e.Heart
c.Kidneys
e.Heart
A couple has two children diagnosed with an autosomal dominant genetic disease. What is the
probability that the next child will have the same genetic disease?
a.One sixth
c.One third
b.One fourth
d. One half
d. One half
When a child inherits a disease that is autosomal recessive, it is inherited from:
a.Father
c.Both parents
b.Mother
d.Grandparent
c.Both parents
Which is an important criterion for discerning autosomal recessive inheritance?
a.Consanguinity is sometimes present.
b.Females are affected more than males.
c.The disease is observed in both the parents, as well as in the siblings.
d.On average, one half of the offspring of the carrier will be affected.
,FNP PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM 2024 LATEST UPDATE WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
a.
Consanguinity is sometimes present.
Males are more often affected by which type of genetic disease?
a.Sex-linked dominant
c.Sex-linked
b.Sex-influenced
d.Sex-linked recessive
d.Sex-linked recessive
Insulin is used to treat hyperkalemia because it:
a.Stimulates sodium to be removed from the cell in exchange for potassium.
b.Binds to potassium to remove it through the kidneys.
c.Transports potassium from the blood to the cell along with glucose.
d.Breaks down the chemical components of potassium, causing it to be no longer effective.
c.Transports potassium from the blood to the cell along with glucose.
Graves disease develops from a(n):
a.Viral infection of the thyroid gland that causes overproduction of thyroid hormone
b.Autoimmune process during which lymphocytes and fibrous tissue replace thyroid tissue
c.Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin that causes overproduction of thyroid hormones
d.Ingestion of goitrogens that inhibits the synthesis of the thyroid hormones, causing a goiter
c.Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin that causes overproduction of thyroid hormones
The signs of thyrotoxic crisis include:
a.Constipation with gastric distention
c.Hyperthermia and tachycardia
b.Bradycardia and bradypnea
d.Constipation and lethargy
c.Hyperthermia and tachycardia
Pathologic changes associated with Graves disease include:
a.High levels of circulating thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins
b.Diminished levels of thyrotropin-releasing hormone
c.High levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone
d.Diminished levels of thyroid-binding globulin
a.High levels of circulating thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins
The level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in individuals with Graves disease is usually:
a.High
c.Normal
b.Low
d.In constant flux
b.Low
Renal failure is the most common cause of which type of hyperparathyroidism?
a.
Primary
c.
Exogenous
, FNP PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM 2024 LATEST UPDATE WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
b.
Secondary
d.
Inflammatory
b.
Secondary
The most common cause of hypoparathyroidism is:
a.Pituitary hyposecretion
c.Parathyroid gland damage
b.Parathyroid adenoma
d.Autoimmune parathyroid disease
c.Parathyroid gland damage
A person may experience which complications as a result of a reduction in parathyroid
hormone (PTH)? (Select all that apply.)
a.Muscle spasms
b.Tonic-clonic seizures
c.Laryngeal spasms
d.Hyporeflexia
e.Asphyxiation
a.Muscle spasms
b.Tonic-clonic seizures
c.Laryngeal spasms
e.Asphyxiation
What imbalance lessens the rate of secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
a.Increased serum calcium levels
b.Decreased serum magnesium levels
c.Decreased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone
d.Increased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormonefold)
a.Increased serum calcium levels
Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH) synthesized, and where does it act?
a.Hypothalamus; renal tubular cells
c.Anterior pituitary; posterior pituitary
b.Renal tubules; renal collecting ducts
d.Posterior pituitary; loop of Henle
a.Hypothalamus; renal tubular cells
What effect does hyperphosphatemia have on other electrolytes?
a.Increases serum calcium.
c.Decreases serum magnesium.
b.Decreases serum calcium.
d.Increases serum magnesium
b.Decreases serum calcium.
What is the action of calcitonin?
a.Increases metabolism.
c.Increases serum calcium.
