VATI Pharmacology
A client with a digoxin level of 2.4 ng/ml has a heart rate of 39. The health care provider prescribes atropine sulfate. What best describes the intended action of atropine for this client? - answersTo accelerate the HR by interfering with vagal impulses
*Atropine-anticholinergics
What is felbamate used for? - answersrefractory partial and generalized seizures, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
What is Lennox-Gastaut syndrome? - answerskids < 7 y/o with mental retardation and seizures (any type)
What are the S/S of Herpes simplex 2? - answersVesicular lesions
Tingling pains
Fever
HA
Swollen lymph nodes
What are astringents? - answersLiquid-based formulas that contain alcohol that help cleanse skin, tighten pores and dry out oil. Astringent pads used to relieve itching, burning, and irritation caused by hemorrhoids
What is an adverse effect of glucocorticoids? - answersPeptic ulcers b/c glucocorticoids irritate the gastric mucosa
How do glucocorticoids affect potassium? - answersCause hypokalemia Zolpidem (Ambien) causes what adverse effect? - answersDizziness and daytime drowsiness
*used for insomnia
What is hydroxychloroquine? - answersAntimalarial med used for RA. High risk of SE of
retinopathy, which can be irreversible and cause blindness
How should hemorrhoids be treated? - answers-Increase fluids and fiber to soften stool and reduce straining
-Topical analgesic ointments
-Astringent pads
When is herpes simplex most transmissible? - answersEqually transmissible in active and latent stages
What is doxepin (Silenor)? - answersTricyclic antidepressant (TCA) used for depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Anticholinergic effects and postural hypotension
What is clonidine? - answersAn alpha 2 agonist used for HTN, severe pain, and ADHD. Common adverse effect: dry mouth
When removing a central line from a client's right internal jugular vein, how should the client be positioned? - answersTrendelenberg. Entry site should be below the level of the client's heart (limit blood's ability to flow for a bit)
What are the SE of Bumex (bumetanide)? - answers-hypokalemia
-postural hypotension
-Ototoxicity
-Nephrotoxicity
-HA
-loss of appetite
How does an increase in sodium levels affect lithium levels? - answersDecreases lithium levels
*Indirectly related
How does a decrease in sodium levels affect lithium levels? - answersIncreases lithium levels
*Indirectly related
How do loop diuretics work? - answersPrevent sodium from leaving the filtrate (pre-
urine), so water stays in filtrate too, leading to Na and water excretion. Also hypokalemia-Causes loss of K+ into urine. Risk of Ototoxicity, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, What should you do if you note an elevated serum amylase in a patient? - answersCall doctor immediately because this indicates a pancreatic disorder which is dangerous
What does elevated serum amylase indicate? - answersExcess pancreas enzyme: amylase. Acute pancreatitis or other pancreas disorder
What is Ethcrynic acid (Edecrin)? - answersLoop diuretic-
What is Bumex (bumetanide)? - answersLoop diuretic-blocks reabsorption of sodium and water in the tubules of the kidneys. It is usually prescribed for HF to reduce excessive fluid. It is more potent than lasix
Common SE:
-hypokalemia
-postural hypotension
-Ototoxicity
-Nephrotoxicity
-HA
-loss of appetite
The designation of proximal, medial, and distal ports on a central venous catheter is related to: - answersThe location of the eyelets at the end fo the catheter in the vein (the
different endpoints of the central line along the SVC)
A provider prescribes gold salts for a client with rheumatoid arthritis. For what serious side effects will the client require monitoring? - answersDiarrhea
Leukopenia
Thrombocytopenia
What is stomatitis? - answerspainful inflammation and sores of the oral mucosa (can be seen in chemo pt's)
How does diphenhydramine (Benadryl) work? - answersCompetes with histamine for receptors; thus reducing vasodilation of capillaries, pruritis, and inflammation (d/t lack of
histamine binding)
How much fluid does a syringe pump push? - answers<60 mL (its the pump that sits on a surface and pushes a syringe's fluid over a preset period of time)
What route must lipids be administered in? - answersPeripheral IV or central line
Lipid emulsions need what to be administered? - answersAn infusion pump to avoid a rapid influx of emulsion into intravascular system
How should lipid emulsions be hung in relation to the filter? - answersBelow filter tubing (so they don't clog filter)
A client with a digoxin level of 2.4 ng/ml has a heart rate of 39. The health care provider prescribes atropine sulfate. What best describes the intended action of atropine for this client? - answersTo accelerate the HR by interfering with vagal impulses
*Atropine-anticholinergics
What is felbamate used for? - answersrefractory partial and generalized seizures, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
What is Lennox-Gastaut syndrome? - answerskids < 7 y/o with mental retardation and seizures (any type)
What are the S/S of Herpes simplex 2? - answersVesicular lesions
Tingling pains
Fever
HA
Swollen lymph nodes
What are astringents? - answersLiquid-based formulas that contain alcohol that help cleanse skin, tighten pores and dry out oil. Astringent pads used to relieve itching, burning, and irritation caused by hemorrhoids
What is an adverse effect of glucocorticoids? - answersPeptic ulcers b/c glucocorticoids irritate the gastric mucosa
How do glucocorticoids affect potassium? - answersCause hypokalemia Zolpidem (Ambien) causes what adverse effect? - answersDizziness and daytime drowsiness
*used for insomnia
What is hydroxychloroquine? - answersAntimalarial med used for RA. High risk of SE of
retinopathy, which can be irreversible and cause blindness
How should hemorrhoids be treated? - answers-Increase fluids and fiber to soften stool and reduce straining
-Topical analgesic ointments
-Astringent pads
When is herpes simplex most transmissible? - answersEqually transmissible in active and latent stages
What is doxepin (Silenor)? - answersTricyclic antidepressant (TCA) used for depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Anticholinergic effects and postural hypotension
What is clonidine? - answersAn alpha 2 agonist used for HTN, severe pain, and ADHD. Common adverse effect: dry mouth
When removing a central line from a client's right internal jugular vein, how should the client be positioned? - answersTrendelenberg. Entry site should be below the level of the client's heart (limit blood's ability to flow for a bit)
What are the SE of Bumex (bumetanide)? - answers-hypokalemia
-postural hypotension
-Ototoxicity
-Nephrotoxicity
-HA
-loss of appetite
How does an increase in sodium levels affect lithium levels? - answersDecreases lithium levels
*Indirectly related
How does a decrease in sodium levels affect lithium levels? - answersIncreases lithium levels
*Indirectly related
How do loop diuretics work? - answersPrevent sodium from leaving the filtrate (pre-
urine), so water stays in filtrate too, leading to Na and water excretion. Also hypokalemia-Causes loss of K+ into urine. Risk of Ototoxicity, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, What should you do if you note an elevated serum amylase in a patient? - answersCall doctor immediately because this indicates a pancreatic disorder which is dangerous
What does elevated serum amylase indicate? - answersExcess pancreas enzyme: amylase. Acute pancreatitis or other pancreas disorder
What is Ethcrynic acid (Edecrin)? - answersLoop diuretic-
What is Bumex (bumetanide)? - answersLoop diuretic-blocks reabsorption of sodium and water in the tubules of the kidneys. It is usually prescribed for HF to reduce excessive fluid. It is more potent than lasix
Common SE:
-hypokalemia
-postural hypotension
-Ototoxicity
-Nephrotoxicity
-HA
-loss of appetite
The designation of proximal, medial, and distal ports on a central venous catheter is related to: - answersThe location of the eyelets at the end fo the catheter in the vein (the
different endpoints of the central line along the SVC)
A provider prescribes gold salts for a client with rheumatoid arthritis. For what serious side effects will the client require monitoring? - answersDiarrhea
Leukopenia
Thrombocytopenia
What is stomatitis? - answerspainful inflammation and sores of the oral mucosa (can be seen in chemo pt's)
How does diphenhydramine (Benadryl) work? - answersCompetes with histamine for receptors; thus reducing vasodilation of capillaries, pruritis, and inflammation (d/t lack of
histamine binding)
How much fluid does a syringe pump push? - answers<60 mL (its the pump that sits on a surface and pushes a syringe's fluid over a preset period of time)
What route must lipids be administered in? - answersPeripheral IV or central line
Lipid emulsions need what to be administered? - answersAn infusion pump to avoid a rapid influx of emulsion into intravascular system
How should lipid emulsions be hung in relation to the filter? - answersBelow filter tubing (so they don't clog filter)
