Sociology CBSE Class 12
Includes:
● Comprehensive questions for all chapters
● Important definitions
Indian Society
The Demographic Structure of Indian Society
Questions
1. Demography is the systematic study of people. T or F?
2. How is demography important to sociology?
3. What is the difference between formal demography and population studies?
4. Write a short note on:
a) Malthusian theory of population growth
b) Theory of demographic transition
5. Most demographic concepts are expressed as ____.
6. Define:
a) Fertility rate
b) Total fertility rate
c) Infant mortality rate
d) Maternal mortality rate
e) Life expectancy
f) Sex ratio
g) The age structure of the population
h) Dependency ratio
7. What are the possible reasons for the skewed sex ratio?
8. What are the factors affecting the age structure of the population?
9. What are the consequences of a rising and falling dependency ratio?
10. How have epidemics and famines influenced India’s population?
11. Why hasn’t the birth rate fallen?
12. India has a very young population. T or F?
13. Describe the regional variations in the age structure in India.
14. How does the changing age structure offer a demographic dividend for India?
15. The lowest child sex ratios are found in the most prosperous regions of India. T or F?
16. How does literacy help the population?
17. How has the rapid growth in urbanisation been acting as a magnet for the rural
population?
, 18. The population policy in India took the concrete form of the ____ Programme. What
are the objectives of this programme? What was it later renamed?
Definitions
1. Demography: the systematic study of population
2. Social statistics: quantitative data on various aspects of the population and economy
3. Aggregate statistics: numerical characteristics that refer to a large collectivity
consisting of millions of people
4. Rate of natural increase/growth rate of population: the difference between the birth
rate and the death rate
5. Replacement level: the rate of growth required for new generations to replace the
older ones that are dying out.
6. Fertility rate: number of live births per 1000 women in the childbearing age group,
usually taken to be 15 to 49 years.
7. Total fertility rate: total number of live births that a hypothetical woman would have if
she lived through the reproductive age group and had the average number of babies in
each segment of this age group as determined by the age-specific fertility rates for that
area.
8. Infant mortality rate: the number of deaths of babies before the age of one year per
1000 births.
9. Maternal mortality rate: the number of women who die in childbirth per 1,00,000 live
births.
10. Life expectancy: the estimated number of years an average person is expected to
survive
11. Sex ratio: the number of females per 1000 males in a given area at a specified time
period.
12. Age structure of the population: the proportion of persons in different age groups
relative to the total population.
13. Ageing of the population: relatively smaller proportions of the population is found in
the younger age groups and larger proportions in the older age groups.
14. Dependency ratio: a measure comparing the portion of a population which is
composed of dependents with the portion that is in the working age group.
15. Demographic dividend: benefit flowing from the changing age structure.
16. Population momentum: a situation where a large cohort of women of reproductive age
will fuel population growth over the next generation, even if each woman has fewer
children than previous generations did.
Includes:
● Comprehensive questions for all chapters
● Important definitions
Indian Society
The Demographic Structure of Indian Society
Questions
1. Demography is the systematic study of people. T or F?
2. How is demography important to sociology?
3. What is the difference between formal demography and population studies?
4. Write a short note on:
a) Malthusian theory of population growth
b) Theory of demographic transition
5. Most demographic concepts are expressed as ____.
6. Define:
a) Fertility rate
b) Total fertility rate
c) Infant mortality rate
d) Maternal mortality rate
e) Life expectancy
f) Sex ratio
g) The age structure of the population
h) Dependency ratio
7. What are the possible reasons for the skewed sex ratio?
8. What are the factors affecting the age structure of the population?
9. What are the consequences of a rising and falling dependency ratio?
10. How have epidemics and famines influenced India’s population?
11. Why hasn’t the birth rate fallen?
12. India has a very young population. T or F?
13. Describe the regional variations in the age structure in India.
14. How does the changing age structure offer a demographic dividend for India?
15. The lowest child sex ratios are found in the most prosperous regions of India. T or F?
16. How does literacy help the population?
17. How has the rapid growth in urbanisation been acting as a magnet for the rural
population?
, 18. The population policy in India took the concrete form of the ____ Programme. What
are the objectives of this programme? What was it later renamed?
Definitions
1. Demography: the systematic study of population
2. Social statistics: quantitative data on various aspects of the population and economy
3. Aggregate statistics: numerical characteristics that refer to a large collectivity
consisting of millions of people
4. Rate of natural increase/growth rate of population: the difference between the birth
rate and the death rate
5. Replacement level: the rate of growth required for new generations to replace the
older ones that are dying out.
6. Fertility rate: number of live births per 1000 women in the childbearing age group,
usually taken to be 15 to 49 years.
7. Total fertility rate: total number of live births that a hypothetical woman would have if
she lived through the reproductive age group and had the average number of babies in
each segment of this age group as determined by the age-specific fertility rates for that
area.
8. Infant mortality rate: the number of deaths of babies before the age of one year per
1000 births.
9. Maternal mortality rate: the number of women who die in childbirth per 1,00,000 live
births.
10. Life expectancy: the estimated number of years an average person is expected to
survive
11. Sex ratio: the number of females per 1000 males in a given area at a specified time
period.
12. Age structure of the population: the proportion of persons in different age groups
relative to the total population.
13. Ageing of the population: relatively smaller proportions of the population is found in
the younger age groups and larger proportions in the older age groups.
14. Dependency ratio: a measure comparing the portion of a population which is
composed of dependents with the portion that is in the working age group.
15. Demographic dividend: benefit flowing from the changing age structure.
16. Population momentum: a situation where a large cohort of women of reproductive age
will fuel population growth over the next generation, even if each woman has fewer
children than previous generations did.
