Exam (elaborations) Cambridge International AS & A Level

NSTRUCTIONS ● Answer four questions in total: Answer questions from two options. For each option, follow the instructions inside on which questions to answer. ● Follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper, ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet. ● Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. ● You should make reference to appropriate examples studied in the field or the classroom, even where such examples are not specifically requested by the question. INFORMATION ● The total mark for this paper is 60. ● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ]. ● The insert contains all the resources referred to in the questions. Cambridge International AS & A Level 2 © UCLES /33/M/J/20 Answer questions from two different options. Tropical environments If answering this option, answer Question 1 and either Question 2 or Question 3. 1 Fig. 1.1 is a photograph which shows seasonally humid tropical (savanna) vegetation in Africa. (a) Using evidence from Fig. 1.1, describe the main features of the savanna vegetation shown. [4] (b) Suggest reasons for two of the features you described in (a). [6] 2 Assess the extent to which humid tropical climates and seasonally humid tropical climates are influenced by the position of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). [20] 3 ‘Cockpit karst and tower karst are formed in different conditions.’ With the aid of examples, how far do you agree? [20] Coastal environments If answering this option, answer Question 4 and either Question 5 or Question 6. 4 Fig. 4.1 shows summer and winter beach profiles at a location in the USA. (a) Describe the similarities and differences between the summer and winter beach profiles shown in Fig. 4.1. [4] (b) Suggest reasons for the differences you described in (a). [6] 5 Assess the significance of different threats to coral reefs. [20] 6 Using a case study, evaluate the attempted solutions to the problems of sustainably managing a stretch, or stretches, of coastline. [20] 3 © UCLES /33/M/J/20 Hazardous environments If answering this option, answer Question 7 and either Question 8 or Question 9. 7 Fig. 7.1 shows ash fallout from Mount Ruapehu, a volcano in New Zealand, 1995–6. (a) Describe the pattern of ash fallout shown in Fig. 7.1. [4] (b) Suggest two reasons for the pattern you described in (a). [6] 8 Assess the relative importance of prediction in reducing the impacts of large scale atmospheric disturbances. [20] 9 Assess the extent to which physical factors, rather than human factors, cause mass movements. [20] Hot arid and semi-arid environments If answering this option, answer Question 10 and either Question 11 or Question 12. 10 Fig. 10.1 is a climate graph for Naghbi, Saudi Arabia. (a) Describe the climate of Naghbi, Saudi Arabia, shown in Fig. 10.1. [4] (b) Explain the high diurnal temperature range of hot arid environments. [6] 11 ‘Physiological drought has a more significant impact than physical drought on the vegetation of hot arid and semi-arid environments.’ How far do you agree? [20] 12 Assess the view that water action has the most important role in the