Disorders of the Bladder and Urethra.
Complete Summary. Updated 2024/2025.
Pictures Included.
Voiding dysfunction
-urinary retention
-urinary incontinence
Urinary retention
-the inability to urinate or effectively empty the bladder
-can be acute or chronic
Causes of urinary retention
Acute
-general anesthesia
-complete urethral obstruction
-some medications
Chronic
-BPH
-neurogenic bladder (insufficient nerve stimulation)
-weak detrusor muscles
Signs and symptoms of urinary retention
-overflow
-inability to void
-urgency
-lower abdominal pain
-feeling of bladder fullness
-palpable bladder
-difficulty starting urination
-void frequently in small amounts
-s/s of UTI
-increased WBC
Diagnostics for urinary retention
-bladder scan (if amount >100mL considered to have urinary retention
, -CT, US, Xrays
Treatment for acute urinary retention
-immediately/acute: drain with catheter
-dilate the urethra with catheter/stent to bypass stricture/blockage
Treatment for chronic urinary retention
-TURP (if BPH is the cause)
-indwelling urinary catheter
-suprapubic cystostomy tube
-clean intermittent catheterization
transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
procedure of removing all or part of the prostate by the insertion of a resectoscope into the urethra
Indwelling urinary catheter
a small tube inserted through the urethra into the bladder that is left in place to drain urine from the
bladder on a continuous basis
Suprapubic cystostomy tube
a catheter inserted through the abdominal wall directly into the bladder
Clean intermittent catheterization
-a clean (not sterile) catheter is inserted into the urethra and advanced into the bladder
-catheter remains in place until urine is released into a bag
Complete Summary. Updated 2024/2025.
Pictures Included.
Voiding dysfunction
-urinary retention
-urinary incontinence
Urinary retention
-the inability to urinate or effectively empty the bladder
-can be acute or chronic
Causes of urinary retention
Acute
-general anesthesia
-complete urethral obstruction
-some medications
Chronic
-BPH
-neurogenic bladder (insufficient nerve stimulation)
-weak detrusor muscles
Signs and symptoms of urinary retention
-overflow
-inability to void
-urgency
-lower abdominal pain
-feeling of bladder fullness
-palpable bladder
-difficulty starting urination
-void frequently in small amounts
-s/s of UTI
-increased WBC
Diagnostics for urinary retention
-bladder scan (if amount >100mL considered to have urinary retention
, -CT, US, Xrays
Treatment for acute urinary retention
-immediately/acute: drain with catheter
-dilate the urethra with catheter/stent to bypass stricture/blockage
Treatment for chronic urinary retention
-TURP (if BPH is the cause)
-indwelling urinary catheter
-suprapubic cystostomy tube
-clean intermittent catheterization
transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
procedure of removing all or part of the prostate by the insertion of a resectoscope into the urethra
Indwelling urinary catheter
a small tube inserted through the urethra into the bladder that is left in place to drain urine from the
bladder on a continuous basis
Suprapubic cystostomy tube
a catheter inserted through the abdominal wall directly into the bladder
Clean intermittent catheterization
-a clean (not sterile) catheter is inserted into the urethra and advanced into the bladder
-catheter remains in place until urine is released into a bag
