NUR2392 MULTIDIMENSIONAL CARE II EXAM 2 WITH VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+

NUR2392 MULTIDIMENSIONAL CARE II EXAM 2 WITH VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+ Uncompensated - ANS-pH and one other value is abnormal Partial compensation - ANS-pH, CO2, and HCO3 are all off Full compensation - ANS-pH is normal Acidosis - ANS-reduces the excitability of cardiovascular muscle, neurons, skeletal muscle, and smooth muscle. Alkalosis - ANS-increases the sensitivity of excitable tissues allowing them to OVERRESPOND without stimulation ABG considerations - ANS-- Assess cardiovascular w/ acidosis (cardiac arrest from hyperkalemia) - Assess neuro status - Fall precautions Bicarb HC03 - ANS-kidney compensation (slow and powerful) Respiratory PaC02 - ANS-Respiratory compensation (fast but limited) Metabolic acidosis causes - ANS-DKA, Starvation, diarrhea, kidney failure, dehydration, liver failure, pancreatitis, heavy exercise, seizure activity, fever, hypoxia, ischemia, ethanol/methanol intoxication Metabolic acidosis signs and symptoms - ANS-bradycardia, hypotension, thready pulse, CNS depression, hyporeflexia, kussmal resp (with resp compensation), warm, flushed, dry skin. Metabolic acidosis treatment - ANS-hydration and medication to treat underlying problems (DKA - give insulin). Metabolic alkalosis causes - ANS-antacids, blood transfusion, sodium bicarbonate, total parenteral nutrition (TPN), prolonged vomiting, nasogastric suctioning, hypercortisolism, hyperaldosteronism, Loop/Thiazide diuretics. Metabolic Alkalosis s/s - ANS-anxiety, irritability, tetany, seizures, POSITIVE CHVOSTEK, POSITIVE TROUSSEAU, parathesis, hyperreflexia, muscle cramping/twitching, skeletal muscle weakness, Tachycardia, norm/low BP, increased Digoxin toxicity, decreased respiratory effort (muscle weakness). metabolic alkalosis treatment - ANS-restore fluid/electrolyte imbalances Respiratory acidosis cause - ANS-Opioids, anesthetics, electrolyte imbalance, inadequate chest expansion, muscle weakness, airway obstruction, alveolar-capillary block. Respiratory acidosis s/s - ANS-bradycardia, hypotension, thready pulse, CNS depression, hyporeflexia, ineffective respirations, pale-to-cyanotic dry skin. Respiratory acidosis treatment - ANS-(Assess airway) Improve gas exchange, drug therapy (bronchodilators, anti-inflammatory), oxygen therapy (lowest flow possible), ventilation. Respiratory alkalosis cause - ANS-Hyperventilation (fear, anxiety), mechanical ventilation, salicylate toxicity, high altitudes, early-stage acute pulmonary issues. respiratory alkalosis s/s - ANS-anxiety, irritability, tetany, seizures, POSITIVE CHVOSTEK, POSITIVE TROUSSEAU (hypocalcemia), parathesis, hyperreflexia, muscle cramping/twitching, skeletal muscle weakness, Tachycardia, norm/low BP, increased Digoxin toxicity, hyperventilation respiratory alkalosis treatment - ANS-restore fluid/electrolyte imbalances How do acid/base imbalances affect electrolytes - ANS-- Potassium levels increase in acidosis as the body attempts to maintain electroneutrality during buffering. - Potassium is elevated in acute respiratory acidosis and normal/low in chronic respiratory acidosis when kidney compensation is present - Alkalosis = hypocalcemia and hypokalemia - Acidosis = HYPERkalemia alkalosis - ANS-hypocalcemia and hypokalemia acidosis - ANS-HYPERkalemia Upper GI consists of - ANS-mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. Barret's Epithelium - ANS-premalignant; columnar epithelium that develops in lower esophagus Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (dumping syndrome) - ANS-happens in PT with gastrectomy, from rapid emptying of food contents into the small intestine. Dumping syndrome S/S - ANS-nausea, distension, cramping pains, diarrhea within 15 minutes after eating Leukoplakia - ANS-thickened, white, firmly attached patches; slightly raised/rounded; most benign