Gluconeogenesis
~
The formation of available, instead
glucose molecules when carbohydrates are not noncarbohydrate precursors are .
used
Liver & Kidneys It is
Mainly done in
basically the
~
of
.
reverse
glycolysis .
Happens of fuel is
brain's
glucose.
~
when there dow
are
glucose I because the
levels primary source
certain amino acids ,
Major precursors : lactate, glycerol, mainly alanine
~
000000
Glucose
Ea
glucose · - .
Lactic acid coming from muscles
GLUT-2
GLUT 3 =
4 Protein
66P
...... A
*
FGP
F1 , 6 BP
an
En Fructose 1, 6
Top
·
=
En-6 6 . .
Bisphosphotase release
TT
T
Phosphatase -
POS GA3P
undergoes
Removes
DHAP" aatabolism
&
Smooth E R
. .
*
N
1 , 3 BPG ···
·
modified.
Y Acid retoacid Aminoacid
Piro-3-p
Alanine
3PG spec
. Keto
.
⑤
mod .
pyruvate React
cerol Englycerol
- into
2PG De
Fatty acids turns
glycerol Ketoacid 2-ketoglutarate
~ Kinase
⑪
PEP
Newo o acid
glutamate
breaks into
CO2 = M
Pyruvate
·
Ep
fatacids-main
Triglycerides
+
back to
,
cannot
En-PEPCK go
PEP irreversible, so
it enters the mitochondria
The process of breaking
into
down triglycerides
glycerol & fatty acids is
called Lipolysis 202 Pyruvate
Hormones
u s e
contributing :
Contributors
see
to
gluconeogenesis
m
:
En-Pyruvate -
92 Glucagon Lactic Acid
~
~
carboxylase
Acetyl-CoA
prshed ~
Noroepinephrin ~
Glycerol
our
↳ Amino acids
Cortisol
~
on
In ~
malate
of
- involved the production
~
Thyroid hormone
~
Odd Chain
FA .
Rarely
Acetyl-CoA or if can turn ~
Growth hormone
-
They are not involved in into one of the
there
Greb cycle intermediates
are
gluconeogenesis , except when
odd C-chain fatty acids .
Blood
Muscle
z
·
Cori cycle (in black & pink)
Liver
~
·
Glucose-Alanin cycle (in purple & orange Glycogen
En-M G . . P
*
muscle
glycogen phosphorylase
Glucose-1-p
En-P G
- I
M
Glucose-6-p
. .
Glucose
Phospho-gluco-mutase
-
m glycolysis
NAD
Pyruvatewith
Pyruvate
ENEL
Alaninebecomeeast Pyruvate
# Lactic acid
-
NADH
&
/
2-56 re- Pyruvate
contena
+
NAD
converted to
>
Glutamate
&
X
-
-
DT
~
The formation of available, instead
glucose molecules when carbohydrates are not noncarbohydrate precursors are .
used
Liver & Kidneys It is
Mainly done in
basically the
~
of
.
reverse
glycolysis .
Happens of fuel is
brain's
glucose.
~
when there dow
are
glucose I because the
levels primary source
certain amino acids ,
Major precursors : lactate, glycerol, mainly alanine
~
000000
Glucose
Ea
glucose · - .
Lactic acid coming from muscles
GLUT-2
GLUT 3 =
4 Protein
66P
...... A
*
FGP
F1 , 6 BP
an
En Fructose 1, 6
Top
·
=
En-6 6 . .
Bisphosphotase release
TT
T
Phosphatase -
POS GA3P
undergoes
Removes
DHAP" aatabolism
&
Smooth E R
. .
*
N
1 , 3 BPG ···
·
modified.
Y Acid retoacid Aminoacid
Piro-3-p
Alanine
3PG spec
. Keto
.
⑤
mod .
pyruvate React
cerol Englycerol
- into
2PG De
Fatty acids turns
glycerol Ketoacid 2-ketoglutarate
~ Kinase
⑪
PEP
Newo o acid
glutamate
breaks into
CO2 = M
Pyruvate
·
Ep
fatacids-main
Triglycerides
+
back to
,
cannot
En-PEPCK go
PEP irreversible, so
it enters the mitochondria
The process of breaking
into
down triglycerides
glycerol & fatty acids is
called Lipolysis 202 Pyruvate
Hormones
u s e
contributing :
Contributors
see
to
gluconeogenesis
m
:
En-Pyruvate -
92 Glucagon Lactic Acid
~
~
carboxylase
Acetyl-CoA
prshed ~
Noroepinephrin ~
Glycerol
our
↳ Amino acids
Cortisol
~
on
In ~
malate
of
- involved the production
~
Thyroid hormone
~
Odd Chain
FA .
Rarely
Acetyl-CoA or if can turn ~
Growth hormone
-
They are not involved in into one of the
there
Greb cycle intermediates
are
gluconeogenesis , except when
odd C-chain fatty acids .
Blood
Muscle
z
·
Cori cycle (in black & pink)
Liver
~
·
Glucose-Alanin cycle (in purple & orange Glycogen
En-M G . . P
*
muscle
glycogen phosphorylase
Glucose-1-p
En-P G
- I
M
Glucose-6-p
. .
Glucose
Phospho-gluco-mutase
-
m glycolysis
NAD
Pyruvatewith
Pyruvate
ENEL
Alaninebecomeeast Pyruvate
# Lactic acid
-
NADH
&
/
2-56 re- Pyruvate
contena
+
NAD
converted to
>
Glutamate
&
X
-
-
DT
