=
Glycolysis
Step 2 (reversible
m u s
is
Glycolysis is the oxidation of
glucose by bringing it into Here the
arrangement
of molecules
changed only,
·
fructose 6 P
our cell .
Glucose is a 6-carbon structure. an isomerization reaction ,
producing .
to enter it needs to The enzyme phosphohexose isomerase
For
glucose by type of catalyze this
·
·
come some
transporter These transporter called "but" transporters reaction of Fructose-6-p
. are ,
converting Glucose-6-p into
There are many different Glut-receptors :
Blood (RBC's) Step
inseam
3 irreversible
~
Glut I : BBB Baby Fetus An enzyme called phosphofrukto Kinase 1 PFK-1 ,
Blood Brain Barrier
adds another phosphate on the first Carbon , now
Kidney -poi
~
Glut I : kids Lips Liver there are two Po, -00000·
·
123456
Pancreas
This new product is called Fructose 1, 6-Bisphosphate .
Placenta
~
Glut #I Pink :
neurons
Kidney
4
(Reversible)
Glut Mother Father (adipose)
·
Fructose 1 , 6 BP divided into
~ : :
Muscle & Fats
gets equally 2 each
,
These Glut transporters bi-directional; they with 3 Carbons & phosphate group The enzyme that is
bring a
·
are can
. 2
glucose inside & atthe same time
carry glucose outside the cell
. responsible here is called Aldolase .
-8 000·
123
Glut I , I & I Dihydroxy
·
·
are not insulin dependent, whiche Clut The two products are called Acetone
. This
is O GA3P) poi on 3carbon
means that Glut-4 function & efficiency is dependendent on the phosphate DHAP Glyceraldehyde 3-p -
.
·
DHAP & GASP be interconverted into each other
presence of insulin
. can
Step 1 irreversible by an enzyme called Triose-p-Isomerase .
The conversion to
r a i s e
Glucose receptors GA3P is mostly favored thus producing
·
enters the cell 'Glut' transporters Since 2 GASP
·
through . the ,
are bidirectional , When
glucose enters a Phosphate Poi attaches
to the 6th Carbon on
glucose . Glucose become Glucose-6-p . Step
- a n
5 (Reversible)
·
From where did the Poi come from ? · GASP
gains another poi is now called
We have 2 enzymes Hevokinase & Glucokinase Hexokinase is 7, 3
Bisphosphoglycerate
~
000
mainly
- ·
: .
.
.
but also in other tissues
. Glucokinase is The enzyme used here is called GA3P
present in the dehydrogenase
·
muscles
only
found in the liver (GASPD H ) & does two It lets NAD
+
rip
things
. .
. .
These 2 off hydrites from GASP NADH
enzymes are responsible for the conversion of Glucose ,
producing ,
since we
into Glucose 6 P This happens
.
by the conversion of ATP to have 2 GABP then 2NADH are .
formed
Second por
ADP,
releasing phosphate
thing it adds thus
producing
·
a
,
a
,
.
1
,3 Bisphosphoglycerate .
, Fursible * So LNADH turns to NAD" , it gets oxidized but pyruvate
·
1, 3
Biphosphoglycerate through , an enzyme called
gets &
reduced
gains hydrites & turns into lactic acid
.
phosphoglycerate kinase , looses a poa becomes
·
The enzyme responsible is called lactate
dehydrogenase .
3-phosphoglycerate . L D H .
.
·
This kinase enzyme takes that phosphate & converts Aerobic : in this situation pyruvate is converted into 2-Carbon
123
2ADP to 2ATP -pos molecule & this 2-C has C oA on it.
group
. . .
a
"
The
Sm
(Reversible)
phosphate moves from the 3rd carbon to the 2nd -Glycolysis
oc
Summaryautoplasm .
It's name is now
2-phosphoglycerate & the enzyme ~The
starting substrate is glucose .
responsible here is
called Phosphoglycerate mutase. . The End Product is 2-pyruvate
~
.
⑳
i
~
4 ATP are
produced but 2 of them were used , so a net of 2 ATP's
produced
. Also , 2 NADH are .
produced
Mmmm
(Reversible)
0-PO4
3-
~
Most of the time it is anaerobic (no 02) & produces
I
·
The structure is into C 2= C
Lactic
changed end acid
-
an
9
.
primarily the structure of the Po.
·
The enzyme Enolase coverts
2-phosphoglycerate to .
Remember that after the production
phosphoene pyruvate (PEP) of GAzP all steps or X2
-
Sirreversible)
· 2 ADP react with PEP & converts it to ATP
.
The enzyme that does this is called Pyruvate Kinase
.
·
Here , PEP becomes Pyruvate
Ste10
·
Pyruvate has two
pathways that it can take
,
either Anaerobic no 02) or aerobic (has 02)
Anaerobic (no
·
02) : when there is no be in the body ,
the NADH
produced before in GA3P step can't unload their hydrites to
molecules & their last choice is to unload them at the pyruvate.
Glycolysis
Step 2 (reversible
m u s
is
Glycolysis is the oxidation of
glucose by bringing it into Here the
arrangement
of molecules
changed only,
·
fructose 6 P
our cell .
Glucose is a 6-carbon structure. an isomerization reaction ,
producing .
to enter it needs to The enzyme phosphohexose isomerase
For
glucose by type of catalyze this
·
·
come some
transporter These transporter called "but" transporters reaction of Fructose-6-p
. are ,
converting Glucose-6-p into
There are many different Glut-receptors :
Blood (RBC's) Step
inseam
3 irreversible
~
Glut I : BBB Baby Fetus An enzyme called phosphofrukto Kinase 1 PFK-1 ,
Blood Brain Barrier
adds another phosphate on the first Carbon , now
Kidney -poi
~
Glut I : kids Lips Liver there are two Po, -00000·
·
123456
Pancreas
This new product is called Fructose 1, 6-Bisphosphate .
Placenta
~
Glut #I Pink :
neurons
Kidney
4
(Reversible)
Glut Mother Father (adipose)
·
Fructose 1 , 6 BP divided into
~ : :
Muscle & Fats
gets equally 2 each
,
These Glut transporters bi-directional; they with 3 Carbons & phosphate group The enzyme that is
bring a
·
are can
. 2
glucose inside & atthe same time
carry glucose outside the cell
. responsible here is called Aldolase .
-8 000·
123
Glut I , I & I Dihydroxy
·
·
are not insulin dependent, whiche Clut The two products are called Acetone
. This
is O GA3P) poi on 3carbon
means that Glut-4 function & efficiency is dependendent on the phosphate DHAP Glyceraldehyde 3-p -
.
·
DHAP & GASP be interconverted into each other
presence of insulin
. can
Step 1 irreversible by an enzyme called Triose-p-Isomerase .
The conversion to
r a i s e
Glucose receptors GA3P is mostly favored thus producing
·
enters the cell 'Glut' transporters Since 2 GASP
·
through . the ,
are bidirectional , When
glucose enters a Phosphate Poi attaches
to the 6th Carbon on
glucose . Glucose become Glucose-6-p . Step
- a n
5 (Reversible)
·
From where did the Poi come from ? · GASP
gains another poi is now called
We have 2 enzymes Hevokinase & Glucokinase Hexokinase is 7, 3
Bisphosphoglycerate
~
000
mainly
- ·
: .
.
.
but also in other tissues
. Glucokinase is The enzyme used here is called GA3P
present in the dehydrogenase
·
muscles
only
found in the liver (GASPD H ) & does two It lets NAD
+
rip
things
. .
. .
These 2 off hydrites from GASP NADH
enzymes are responsible for the conversion of Glucose ,
producing ,
since we
into Glucose 6 P This happens
.
by the conversion of ATP to have 2 GABP then 2NADH are .
formed
Second por
ADP,
releasing phosphate
thing it adds thus
producing
·
a
,
a
,
.
1
,3 Bisphosphoglycerate .
, Fursible * So LNADH turns to NAD" , it gets oxidized but pyruvate
·
1, 3
Biphosphoglycerate through , an enzyme called
gets &
reduced
gains hydrites & turns into lactic acid
.
phosphoglycerate kinase , looses a poa becomes
·
The enzyme responsible is called lactate
dehydrogenase .
3-phosphoglycerate . L D H .
.
·
This kinase enzyme takes that phosphate & converts Aerobic : in this situation pyruvate is converted into 2-Carbon
123
2ADP to 2ATP -pos molecule & this 2-C has C oA on it.
group
. . .
a
"
The
Sm
(Reversible)
phosphate moves from the 3rd carbon to the 2nd -Glycolysis
oc
Summaryautoplasm .
It's name is now
2-phosphoglycerate & the enzyme ~The
starting substrate is glucose .
responsible here is
called Phosphoglycerate mutase. . The End Product is 2-pyruvate
~
.
⑳
i
~
4 ATP are
produced but 2 of them were used , so a net of 2 ATP's
produced
. Also , 2 NADH are .
produced
Mmmm
(Reversible)
0-PO4
3-
~
Most of the time it is anaerobic (no 02) & produces
I
·
The structure is into C 2= C
Lactic
changed end acid
-
an
9
.
primarily the structure of the Po.
·
The enzyme Enolase coverts
2-phosphoglycerate to .
Remember that after the production
phosphoene pyruvate (PEP) of GAzP all steps or X2
-
Sirreversible)
· 2 ADP react with PEP & converts it to ATP
.
The enzyme that does this is called Pyruvate Kinase
.
·
Here , PEP becomes Pyruvate
Ste10
·
Pyruvate has two
pathways that it can take
,
either Anaerobic no 02) or aerobic (has 02)
Anaerobic (no
·
02) : when there is no be in the body ,
the NADH
produced before in GA3P step can't unload their hydrites to
molecules & their last choice is to unload them at the pyruvate.
