Fate of Pyruvate:
seem
The Cori Cycle ·
seem
under hypoxic Anaerobic conditions :
produces lactate -
Metabolic cooperation between Skeletal muscle
or ethanol A way to produce NAD" without O2 for to & the liver
.
glycolysis reoccur
Under aerobic conditions :
produces Acetyl-CoA .
~
Lactate can be transported from muscle to
liver converted to In the liver
&
glucose there .
Ethanol Fermentation
n
s eee m
e
·
gluconeogenesis occurs
.
~
Occurs in yeast
a Some bacteria
.
Shuttles lnvolved in Glycolysis
CO2
~
2 pyruvate Acetaldehyde Ethanol. a
m
s e
i se
s i
(TPP
pathway)
2 NADH
2NADT .
1
Glycerol 3-phosphate Shuttle
~
Pyruvate undergo decarboxylation to produce acetaldehyde ~
Major shuttle in most tissues & very important in skeletal
that can act as an O the 2NADHare
electron acceptor muscle & brain
oxidized to NADT DHAP be Glycerol-3P
~
.
can converted to by
~
Tpp :
Thiamine pyrophosphate dependent pathway ·
Glycerol 3 phosphate dehydrogenase ,
this process results in
the conversion of NADH to NADT.
Lactic Acid Fermentation
- a-
-
~
Glycerol 3P then diffuses
through the outer mitochondrial
~
Happens when muscles in sudden need of & membrane to the inner , where the e-are donated to
oxygen
are
there isn't For example, in
enough
. membrane-bound FAD that becomes
muscle cells
during intense FADH2 through glycerol 3 P D . . H
activity.
2 pyruvate 2 lactate
2 NADH
2NADT
·
Tissues dependent anaerobic
that are on
glycolysis :
RBCs Kidney medulla -
Tissues of the eye
2
Malate-asparate Shuttle :
~
In tissues with mitochondria ,
both aerobic & NADH produced by glycolysis reduces oxaloacetate OAA
the mitochondrial membrane
anaerobic
glycolysis occur to molate ,
which crosses
& is reoxidized to OAA .
Important in Liver, heart Ghidney ·
Fate of Lactate
-
·
~
Released Lactate is taken
up by other tissue, Cytoplasmic NADH oxidized
using the malate shuttle
primarily the liver, heart& Skeletal muscle ,
then oxidized produces a mitochondrial NADH o yields approx. 3 ATP or 25
.
back to pyruvate . In many other
tissues , lactate is oxidized by oxidative phosphorylation WHILE cytoplasmic NADH
to pyruvate ,
which is then oxidized to CO2 in the TCAcycle . Oxidized by
glyceral P shuttle produces a mitochondrial FADH & yields
.
approx 2 (or 1 5 AFP)
. by oxidative phosphorylation
.
seem
The Cori Cycle ·
seem
under hypoxic Anaerobic conditions :
produces lactate -
Metabolic cooperation between Skeletal muscle
or ethanol A way to produce NAD" without O2 for to & the liver
.
glycolysis reoccur
Under aerobic conditions :
produces Acetyl-CoA .
~
Lactate can be transported from muscle to
liver converted to In the liver
&
glucose there .
Ethanol Fermentation
n
s eee m
e
·
gluconeogenesis occurs
.
~
Occurs in yeast
a Some bacteria
.
Shuttles lnvolved in Glycolysis
CO2
~
2 pyruvate Acetaldehyde Ethanol. a
m
s e
i se
s i
(TPP
pathway)
2 NADH
2NADT .
1
Glycerol 3-phosphate Shuttle
~
Pyruvate undergo decarboxylation to produce acetaldehyde ~
Major shuttle in most tissues & very important in skeletal
that can act as an O the 2NADHare
electron acceptor muscle & brain
oxidized to NADT DHAP be Glycerol-3P
~
.
can converted to by
~
Tpp :
Thiamine pyrophosphate dependent pathway ·
Glycerol 3 phosphate dehydrogenase ,
this process results in
the conversion of NADH to NADT.
Lactic Acid Fermentation
- a-
-
~
Glycerol 3P then diffuses
through the outer mitochondrial
~
Happens when muscles in sudden need of & membrane to the inner , where the e-are donated to
oxygen
are
there isn't For example, in
enough
. membrane-bound FAD that becomes
muscle cells
during intense FADH2 through glycerol 3 P D . . H
activity.
2 pyruvate 2 lactate
2 NADH
2NADT
·
Tissues dependent anaerobic
that are on
glycolysis :
RBCs Kidney medulla -
Tissues of the eye
2
Malate-asparate Shuttle :
~
In tissues with mitochondria ,
both aerobic & NADH produced by glycolysis reduces oxaloacetate OAA
the mitochondrial membrane
anaerobic
glycolysis occur to molate ,
which crosses
& is reoxidized to OAA .
Important in Liver, heart Ghidney ·
Fate of Lactate
-
·
~
Released Lactate is taken
up by other tissue, Cytoplasmic NADH oxidized
using the malate shuttle
primarily the liver, heart& Skeletal muscle ,
then oxidized produces a mitochondrial NADH o yields approx. 3 ATP or 25
.
back to pyruvate . In many other
tissues , lactate is oxidized by oxidative phosphorylation WHILE cytoplasmic NADH
to pyruvate ,
which is then oxidized to CO2 in the TCAcycle . Oxidized by
glyceral P shuttle produces a mitochondrial FADH & yields
.
approx 2 (or 1 5 AFP)
. by oxidative phosphorylation
.
