INDIAN POLITY
Indian Constitution – Introduction
• Idea of the constitution – M N Roy.
• Head of Interim Government – Nehru.
• Completed and Adopted on – 26 Nov. 1949.
• Father of Constitution – BR Ambedkar.
• Republic Day – 26 January 1950.
• Total time – 2 years , 11 months , 18 days.
• Parts –22 (total-25) • Schedule – 12 ( Originally 8)
• Articles – 395
Constituent Assembly
• Formed by Cabinet Mission Plan -1946.
• Total Member – 389.
• First meeting – 09-12-1946 (Temporary
PresidentSachidanand Sinha )
• President – Rajendra Prasad
• Vice – President – HC Mukherjee, V T
Krishnamachari.
• Drafting committee chairman – BR Ambedkar
Features of the constitution
• Largest written constitution.
,• Parliamentary Government.
• Secular state.
• Fundamental rights .
• Independent Judiciary.
• Single citizenship.
• Universal Adult Franchise.
Sources of the Constitution
• Britain – Parliamentary govt. ,Bicameralism, Rule
of Law.
• USA – Fundamental rights, Supreme Court, Vice
President.
• Canada – Federal system.
• USSR – Fundamental Duties.
• Ireland – Election of the President.
• Australia – Concurrent List
The Preamble
• Introduction to the constitution or its identity
card.
• Based on Objective Resolution passed by Nehru.
• Contains Justice, Liberty, Fraternity, Secular,
Integrity.
Part – 1 – Union and Its Territories (1-4)
,❖ States -28 , UTs – 8
❖ First state to be formed on linguistic basis –
Andhra Pradesh
Part – 2 – Citizenship (Article 5-11)
• There are 5 ways to acquire citizenship of India.
• 1.By Birth
• 2. By Descent
• 3. By Registration
• 4. By Naturalisation
5. By Incorporation of Territory
Part – 2 – Citizenship (Article 5-11)
• There are 3 ways to lose citizenship of India.
• By Renunciation
• By Termination
• By Deprivation
• Citizenship Amendment Act-1955
Part -3 – Fundamental rights
• Magna Carta of India.
• 6 Fundamental rights.
• Taken from USA constitution.
1. Right to Equality
,2.• 14 – Right to Equality before law
3.• 15 – Prohibition of discrimination on grounds
of caste, religion, sex or place of birth
4.• 16 -- Equality of Opportunity
5.• 17 -- Abolition of Untouchability
6.• 18 -- Abolition of Titles
2. Right to Freedom –
7.• Article-19 – Right to freedom (6 freedoms )
8.• 20 – Protection in respect of conviction for
offences
9.• 21 – Protection of Life
• 21 A – Right to Education (6-14 years children)
• 22 – Protection against arrest and detention.
3. Right Against Exploitation –
• Article – 23 – Prohibition of Human Trafficking
and forced labour
• Article – 24 – Prohibition of Child labour below
the age of 14 .
4. right to Freedom of Religion –
• Article 25 – Right to Freedom of Religion
• Article 26 – Freedom to manage religious affairs
like property, institutions etc.
• Article – 27 -- Freedom from taxation .
,• Article –28 -- No religious instruction in state
maintained institutions .
5. Cultural and Educational Rights
• Article –29 – Protection of Interest of Minorities
• Article –30 -- Right of Minorities to establish
educational institutions
Note – 7th Fundamental right ( Right to
propertyArticle --31 ) was deleted by the
44th Amendment Act 1978 .
6. Right of Constitutional Remedies
• Article –32 – Right to constitutional Remedies..
• Also called the Heart and Soul of the
constitution by BR Ambedkar.
Part -4 – Directive Principles of State Policy
(36-51)
• Article 40 – Panchayat
• Article 44 -- Uniform Civil Code
• Article 45 – Early Childhood care
Fundamental Duties –
• Total – 11
• Originally added by 42nd amendment Act 1976
– Swaran Singh Committee.
, • Article 51A
• Education for 6-14 years child is both
fundamental duty and right.
The President
• Executive Head of the State .
• First citizen of the country.
• Article 52 for the President post..
• Minimum Age – 35 years.
• Tenure – 5 Years
• Elected by MPs and MLAs.
• Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces.
• Oath – By the Chief Justice of India.
• Impeachment – removal of the President .
• Powers –
• Emergency Powers.
• Grant Pardon .
• All the constitutional posts are appointed by
him.
• All executive action are taken in his name.
• Make regulation for UTs ..
• Veto Power.
Indian Constitution – Introduction
• Idea of the constitution – M N Roy.
• Head of Interim Government – Nehru.
• Completed and Adopted on – 26 Nov. 1949.
• Father of Constitution – BR Ambedkar.
• Republic Day – 26 January 1950.
• Total time – 2 years , 11 months , 18 days.
• Parts –22 (total-25) • Schedule – 12 ( Originally 8)
• Articles – 395
Constituent Assembly
• Formed by Cabinet Mission Plan -1946.
• Total Member – 389.
• First meeting – 09-12-1946 (Temporary
PresidentSachidanand Sinha )
• President – Rajendra Prasad
• Vice – President – HC Mukherjee, V T
Krishnamachari.
• Drafting committee chairman – BR Ambedkar
Features of the constitution
• Largest written constitution.
,• Parliamentary Government.
• Secular state.
• Fundamental rights .
• Independent Judiciary.
• Single citizenship.
• Universal Adult Franchise.
Sources of the Constitution
• Britain – Parliamentary govt. ,Bicameralism, Rule
of Law.
• USA – Fundamental rights, Supreme Court, Vice
President.
• Canada – Federal system.
• USSR – Fundamental Duties.
• Ireland – Election of the President.
• Australia – Concurrent List
The Preamble
• Introduction to the constitution or its identity
card.
• Based on Objective Resolution passed by Nehru.
• Contains Justice, Liberty, Fraternity, Secular,
Integrity.
Part – 1 – Union and Its Territories (1-4)
,❖ States -28 , UTs – 8
❖ First state to be formed on linguistic basis –
Andhra Pradesh
Part – 2 – Citizenship (Article 5-11)
• There are 5 ways to acquire citizenship of India.
• 1.By Birth
• 2. By Descent
• 3. By Registration
• 4. By Naturalisation
5. By Incorporation of Territory
Part – 2 – Citizenship (Article 5-11)
• There are 3 ways to lose citizenship of India.
• By Renunciation
• By Termination
• By Deprivation
• Citizenship Amendment Act-1955
Part -3 – Fundamental rights
• Magna Carta of India.
• 6 Fundamental rights.
• Taken from USA constitution.
1. Right to Equality
,2.• 14 – Right to Equality before law
3.• 15 – Prohibition of discrimination on grounds
of caste, religion, sex or place of birth
4.• 16 -- Equality of Opportunity
5.• 17 -- Abolition of Untouchability
6.• 18 -- Abolition of Titles
2. Right to Freedom –
7.• Article-19 – Right to freedom (6 freedoms )
8.• 20 – Protection in respect of conviction for
offences
9.• 21 – Protection of Life
• 21 A – Right to Education (6-14 years children)
• 22 – Protection against arrest and detention.
3. Right Against Exploitation –
• Article – 23 – Prohibition of Human Trafficking
and forced labour
• Article – 24 – Prohibition of Child labour below
the age of 14 .
4. right to Freedom of Religion –
• Article 25 – Right to Freedom of Religion
• Article 26 – Freedom to manage religious affairs
like property, institutions etc.
• Article – 27 -- Freedom from taxation .
,• Article –28 -- No religious instruction in state
maintained institutions .
5. Cultural and Educational Rights
• Article –29 – Protection of Interest of Minorities
• Article –30 -- Right of Minorities to establish
educational institutions
Note – 7th Fundamental right ( Right to
propertyArticle --31 ) was deleted by the
44th Amendment Act 1978 .
6. Right of Constitutional Remedies
• Article –32 – Right to constitutional Remedies..
• Also called the Heart and Soul of the
constitution by BR Ambedkar.
Part -4 – Directive Principles of State Policy
(36-51)
• Article 40 – Panchayat
• Article 44 -- Uniform Civil Code
• Article 45 – Early Childhood care
Fundamental Duties –
• Total – 11
• Originally added by 42nd amendment Act 1976
– Swaran Singh Committee.
, • Article 51A
• Education for 6-14 years child is both
fundamental duty and right.
The President
• Executive Head of the State .
• First citizen of the country.
• Article 52 for the President post..
• Minimum Age – 35 years.
• Tenure – 5 Years
• Elected by MPs and MLAs.
• Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces.
• Oath – By the Chief Justice of India.
• Impeachment – removal of the President .
• Powers –
• Emergency Powers.
• Grant Pardon .
• All the constitutional posts are appointed by
him.
• All executive action are taken in his name.
• Make regulation for UTs ..
• Veto Power.
