Bio 3421 Exam 2 (TXST)-Davenport Questions with Complete Solutions

Bio 3421 Exam 2 (TXST)-Davenport Questions with Complete Solutions Endocrine system - Correct Answer The body's "slow" chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream Nervous system - Correct Answer The body's speedy, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the PNS and CNS Peptides - Correct Answer o Chain of amino acids o Majority of hormones fall into this category o Hydrophilic Amine - Correct Answer o Made of tyrosine (amino acid) o Further classified as catecholamine and thyroid hormones Steroids - Correct Answer o Lipids- derived from cholesterol Negative feedback & metabolism - Correct Answer Estrogen, testosterone - Minor differences in the chemical structure of a molecule can lead to big differences in the biological response b/c of the difference in the receptor that the molecule will bind to -Solubility determines how a hormone is synthesized, stored, secreted transported in the blood, and how it effects the target cell Estrogen - Correct Answer Female sex hormone Testosterone - Correct Answer Male sex hormone Dinural rhythm - Correct Answer Peak around midnight, decline during the day (cortisol) Circadian rhythm - Correct Answer 1 cycle every 24 hrs Infradian rhythm - Correct Answer Cycles last longer than 24 hrs (periods) Ultradian rhythm - Correct Answer Cycles lasting less the 24 hrs (prolactin governing sleep) Hormone secretion - Correct Answer Controlled by negative feedback to maintain plasma concentration levels Up & down regulation - Correct Answer Too much or too little of hormone can be accounted for; acclimatizes a cell to drugs Up regulation - Correct Answer Receptors thirsty for hormone, so up regulate the receptor to increase the likelihood that the hormone will bind: increase the number of receptors on the target cell increases the likelihood of binding