Cardiac MedSurg Practice Questions -2024 with complete solutions/ latest update 2024 pdf download

Cardiac MedSurg Practice Questions A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has heart failure. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? A.BNP of 200 pg/mL B.Bradycardia C.Fluid restriction of 3 L per day D.4 g sodium diet A.BNP of 200 pg/mL The nurse should identify that a client who has heart failure will have an elevated human B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) level of >100 pg/mL. Endogenous BNP is released into the client's bloodstream due to decreased cardiac output, a process called natriuresis. A nurse is assessing a client who has pernicious anemia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? A. Thick, white coating on the client's tongue B. Decreased pulse rate C. Paresthesias in the hands and feet D. Joint pain in the extremities C. Paresthesias in the hands and feet The nurse should identify that paresthesias (tingling sensations) in the hands and feet is an expected finding of pernicious anemia. Other manifestations include weight loss and fatigue. A nurse is monitoring the electrocardiogram of a client who has hypocalcemia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? A. Flattened T waves B. Prolonged QT intervals C. Shortened QT intervals D. Widened QRS complexes B. Prolonged QT intervals Manifestations of hypocalcemia include tingling, numbness, tetany , seizures, prolonged QT intervals, and laryngospasm. Causes include hypoparathyroidism, chronic kidney disease, and diarrhea. A nurse is completing a medication history for a client who reports using fish oil as a dietary supplement. Which of the following substances in fish oil should the nurse recognize as a health benefit to the client? A. Omega-3 fatty acids B. Antioxidants C. Vitamins A, D, and C D. Beta-carotene A. Omega-3 fatty acids B. Antioxidants are substances that occur naturally in many fruits and vegetables, as well as in nuts, grains, and even some meat, poultry , and fish. Beta-carotene; vitamins A, C, and E; and selenium are some of the most commonly known antioxidants. Studies have suggested that antioxidants can slow or even prevent the development of cancer; however , they are not found in fish oil. C. Vitamins A, D, and C are not found in fish oil. D. Beta-carotene is the precursor to vitamin A. Beta-carotene functions as a fat-soluble antioxidant, which can help protect the body from deleterious free-radical reactions. It is not found in fish oil. A nurse is preparing to administer packed RBCs to a client who is anemic. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply .) A. Insert a 23-gauge angiocatheter with an IV adaptor B. Check to determine the packed RBCs are less than 1 week old C. Administer the packed RBCs over a 6-hr period D. Ask another nurse to check the packed RBCs' label against the medical record E. Prime the transfusion tubing with 0.9% sodium chloride B. Check to determine the packed RBCs are less than 1 week old D. Ask another nurse to check the packed RBCs' label against the medical record E. Prime the transfusion tubing with 0.9% sodium chloride The nurse should check to determine that the packed RBCs are less than 1 week old; if the blood is older , the RBCs become fragile, break easily , and release potassium into the blood steam. In addition, the nurse should ask another nurse to check the packed RBCs label against the medical record for safety verification. The nurse should ensure that the client's complete name and identification number match and that the blood group name and number are correct. If there is any type of discrepancy , the nurse should not infuse the blood and should notify the blood bank. Finally , the nurse should prime the transfusion tubing with 0.9% sodium chloride. Other solutions such as Ringer's lactate and dextrose in water can cause clotting or hemolysis of the packed RBCs. A nurse is preparing a client for cardiac catheterization. Which of the following pieces of information should the nurse give the client before the procedure? (Select all that apply .) A."You'll have to lie flat for several hours after the procedure." B. "Y ou'll receive medication to relax you before the procedure." C. "Y ou'll feel a cool sensation after the injection of the dye." D. "Y ou'll have to keep your leg straight after the procedure." E. "Y ou'll have to limit the amount of fluid you drink for the first 24 hr ." A. "Y ou'll have to lie flat for several hours after the procedure." B. "Y ou'll receive medication to relax you before the procedure." D. "Y ou'll have to keep your leg straight after the procedure." Depending on the provider's prescription, the client should remain flat or with the head of the bed elevated to no more than 30° for 2 to 6 hours after the procedure. The amount of time depends on the type of closure device the provider uses. The client will receive a mild sedative for relaxation and comfort prior to the procedure. A soft knee brace can help keep the client from bending the knee after the procedure. We have an expert-written solution to this problem! A nurse is reviewing the progress notes for a client who has heart failure. The provider noted some improvement in the client's cardiac output. The nurse should understand that cardiac output reflects which of the following physiologic parameters? A. The percentage of blood the ventricles pump during each beat B. The amount of blood the left ventricle pumps during each beat C. The amount of blood in the left ventricle at the end of diastole D. The heart rate times the stroke volume D. The heart rate times the stroke volume Cardiac output is the product of the client's heart rate and stroke volume (the amount of blood the left ventricle pumps with each contraction). In systolic heart failure, the heart cannot pump enough oxygenated blood into the circulation, causing cardiac output to decrease. A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who has end-stage renal disease and reports fatigue. The client's hemoglobin level is 8 g/dL. The nurse should expect a prescription for which of the following medications? A. Erythropoietin B. Erythromycin C. Filgrastim D. Calcitriol A. Erythropoietin Erythropoietin stimulates the production of RBCs and is used to treat anemia associated with chronic renal failure. Incorrect Answers: B. Erythromycin is used to treat infections. There is no indication that this client is experiencing an infection.