ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 530-
EXAM 2024-2025 WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS AND QUESTIONS GRADED A+
A patient is diagnosed with a kidney stone that is composed of magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate.
What type of urinary calculus is this?
A) Calcium
B) Struvite
C) Uric acid
D) Indinavir - ANS-B) Struvite
A female patient undergoes gastric resection . Following surgery , she experiences intermittent severe
pain and epigastric fullness after eating . Which of the following is the most likely reason for her
symptoms ?
A. Diarrhea
B. Dumping
C. Alkaline
D. Afferent loop obstruction - ANS-D. Afferent loop obstruction
A patient presents with flank pain and anuria followed by polyuria after undergoing catheterization of
the ureters. What is the most likely cause of this condition?
A. Acute tubular necrosis
B. Prerenal acute kidney injury
,C. Postrenal acute kidney injury
D. Infrarenal acute kidney injury - ANS-C. Postrenal acute kidney injury
A patient has uncontrolled or premature contractions of the detrusor muscle. Which condition is
associated with this medical problem?
A) Spinal cord injury
B) Immune system dysfunction
C) Congestive heart failure
D) Renal carcinoma - ANS-A) Spinal cord injury
Which statement regarding renal cell carcinoma is correct?
A) It is associated with p53.
B) Symptoms include painless hematuria.
C) Early stages produce a large abdominal mass.
D) Granular cell tumors have better prognosis. - ANS-B) Symptoms include painless hematuria.
A patient who reports abdominal and back pain has been diagnosed with bacteria in the urine. What is
the appropriate term for involvement of the upper urinary tract that is likely to cause such symptoms?
A) Cystitis
B) Pyelonephritis
C) Urinary tract infection
D) Asymptomatic bacteriuria - ANS-B) Pyelonephritis
With which bacteria is acute glomerulonephritis associated?
A) Escherichia coli
B) Staphylococcus
C) Group A Streptococcus
D) Klebsiella - ANS-C) Group A Streptococcus
A diabetic child with 4.0 g of protein in her urine each day is experiencing edema and vitamin D
deficiency. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
, A) Nephritic syndrome
B) Nephrotic syndrome
C) Acute renal failure
D) Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis - ANS-Nephrotic syndrome
A 2-month-old male patient presents with the urethral opening on the dorsal surface of the penis.
Which term is the correct name for this anomaly?
A) Hypospadias
B) Epispadias
C) Exstrophy
D) Ureteropelvic junction - ANS-Epispadias
A patient presents with wide-set eyes, "parrot beak" nose, low-set ears, and receding chin. What is the
renal manifestation associated with this presentation?
A) Potter syndrome
B) Polycystic kidney disease
C) Infundibular stenosis
D) Megacalycosis - ANS-Potter syndrome
A 6-year-old has just recovered from streptococcal pharyngitis. Which statement regarding this child's
acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is true?
A) Antibody-antigen complexes of IgM, IgG, and IgA are deposited.
B) The exact mechanism of immune complexes is unknown.
C) There is decreased vascular permeability.
D) No signs of inflammation are present. - ANS-The exact mechanism of immune complexes is unknown.
A patient presents with skin lesions as well as hematuria, proteinuria, and abdominal pain. Which is the
most likely cause of these symptoms?
A) Henoch-Schonlein purpura
B) Hemolytic uremic syndrome
EXAM 2024-2025 WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS AND QUESTIONS GRADED A+
A patient is diagnosed with a kidney stone that is composed of magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate.
What type of urinary calculus is this?
A) Calcium
B) Struvite
C) Uric acid
D) Indinavir - ANS-B) Struvite
A female patient undergoes gastric resection . Following surgery , she experiences intermittent severe
pain and epigastric fullness after eating . Which of the following is the most likely reason for her
symptoms ?
A. Diarrhea
B. Dumping
C. Alkaline
D. Afferent loop obstruction - ANS-D. Afferent loop obstruction
A patient presents with flank pain and anuria followed by polyuria after undergoing catheterization of
the ureters. What is the most likely cause of this condition?
A. Acute tubular necrosis
B. Prerenal acute kidney injury
,C. Postrenal acute kidney injury
D. Infrarenal acute kidney injury - ANS-C. Postrenal acute kidney injury
A patient has uncontrolled or premature contractions of the detrusor muscle. Which condition is
associated with this medical problem?
A) Spinal cord injury
B) Immune system dysfunction
C) Congestive heart failure
D) Renal carcinoma - ANS-A) Spinal cord injury
Which statement regarding renal cell carcinoma is correct?
A) It is associated with p53.
B) Symptoms include painless hematuria.
C) Early stages produce a large abdominal mass.
D) Granular cell tumors have better prognosis. - ANS-B) Symptoms include painless hematuria.
A patient who reports abdominal and back pain has been diagnosed with bacteria in the urine. What is
the appropriate term for involvement of the upper urinary tract that is likely to cause such symptoms?
A) Cystitis
B) Pyelonephritis
C) Urinary tract infection
D) Asymptomatic bacteriuria - ANS-B) Pyelonephritis
With which bacteria is acute glomerulonephritis associated?
A) Escherichia coli
B) Staphylococcus
C) Group A Streptococcus
D) Klebsiella - ANS-C) Group A Streptococcus
A diabetic child with 4.0 g of protein in her urine each day is experiencing edema and vitamin D
deficiency. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
, A) Nephritic syndrome
B) Nephrotic syndrome
C) Acute renal failure
D) Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis - ANS-Nephrotic syndrome
A 2-month-old male patient presents with the urethral opening on the dorsal surface of the penis.
Which term is the correct name for this anomaly?
A) Hypospadias
B) Epispadias
C) Exstrophy
D) Ureteropelvic junction - ANS-Epispadias
A patient presents with wide-set eyes, "parrot beak" nose, low-set ears, and receding chin. What is the
renal manifestation associated with this presentation?
A) Potter syndrome
B) Polycystic kidney disease
C) Infundibular stenosis
D) Megacalycosis - ANS-Potter syndrome
A 6-year-old has just recovered from streptococcal pharyngitis. Which statement regarding this child's
acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is true?
A) Antibody-antigen complexes of IgM, IgG, and IgA are deposited.
B) The exact mechanism of immune complexes is unknown.
C) There is decreased vascular permeability.
D) No signs of inflammation are present. - ANS-The exact mechanism of immune complexes is unknown.
A patient presents with skin lesions as well as hematuria, proteinuria, and abdominal pain. Which is the
most likely cause of these symptoms?
A) Henoch-Schonlein purpura
B) Hemolytic uremic syndrome
