ANNUAL SYLLABUS (2024-25) ))) )
CLASS-12, SUBJECT: BIOLOGY (044)
Unit Title Marks
VI Reproduction 16
VII Genetics and Evolution 20
VIII Biology and Human Welfare 12
IX Biotechnology and its Applications 12
X Ecology and Environment 10
Total 70
Orientation and Recapitulation: Discussion on importance of Biology, scope of Biology and
other topics of interest.
Unit-VI Reproduction:
Marks 16
Chapter-2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination - types, agencies and
examples; outbreeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization; post fertilization
events - development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit;
special modes- apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed dispersal and fruit
formation
Chapter-3: Human Reproduction
Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis -
spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilisation, embryo development upto blastocyst
formation, implantation; pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition
(elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea).
Chapter-4: Reproductive Health
Need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); birth
control - need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP);
amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies - IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary
idea for general awareness).
Practicals (Practicals should be conducted alongside the concepts taught in theory classes.)
• Prepare a temporary mount to observe pollen germination.
• Flowers adapted to pollination by different agencies (wind, insects, birds).
• Controlled pollination - emasculation, tagging and bagging.
• Identification of stages of gamete development, i.e., T.S. of testis and T.S. of ovary through
permanent slides (from grasshopper/mice).
• T.S. of blastula through permanent slides (Mammalian).
Unit-VII Genetics and Evolution:
Marks 20
1
CLASS-12, SUBJECT: BIOLOGY (044)
Unit Title Marks
VI Reproduction 16
VII Genetics and Evolution 20
VIII Biology and Human Welfare 12
IX Biotechnology and its Applications 12
X Ecology and Environment 10
Total 70
Orientation and Recapitulation: Discussion on importance of Biology, scope of Biology and
other topics of interest.
Unit-VI Reproduction:
Marks 16
Chapter-2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination - types, agencies and
examples; outbreeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization; post fertilization
events - development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit;
special modes- apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed dispersal and fruit
formation
Chapter-3: Human Reproduction
Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis -
spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilisation, embryo development upto blastocyst
formation, implantation; pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition
(elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea).
Chapter-4: Reproductive Health
Need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); birth
control - need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP);
amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies - IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary
idea for general awareness).
Practicals (Practicals should be conducted alongside the concepts taught in theory classes.)
• Prepare a temporary mount to observe pollen germination.
• Flowers adapted to pollination by different agencies (wind, insects, birds).
• Controlled pollination - emasculation, tagging and bagging.
• Identification of stages of gamete development, i.e., T.S. of testis and T.S. of ovary through
permanent slides (from grasshopper/mice).
• T.S. of blastula through permanent slides (Mammalian).
Unit-VII Genetics and Evolution:
Marks 20
1
