PHARMACOLOGY
PYQ 2016-2022
@PJS
, General Pharmacology & Ethics
Long Questions
1. Define biotransformation . Enlist different phases of biotransformation with
suitable examples of each phase .Mention the clinical implications of enzyme
induction and giving one suitable example of each.
2. Enumerate the factor modifying drug action. Define pharmacogenics. Give five
examples of how this has been used in the clinical use of the patient.
3. Define drug antagonism.Write different types of drug antagonism with suitable
examples.Write difference between competitive (equilibrium) and non-
competitive antagonism.
4. What is drug elimination?write the differences between drug excretion,clearance
and drug elimination. What is significance of plasma half life?
5. what is adverse drug reaction? How it differs from adverse drug effects? Give
examples of different types of adverse drug reactions.
Short note
1.What are the consequences of non adherence with drug treatment and it’s
management in older people.
2. Post marketing surveillance.
3. Enumerate various routes of drug administration .
4. Write the advantage and disadvantage of sublingual administration.
5. Bioavailability.
6. First order kinetics of drug elimination.
7. Enumerate types of drug administration.
Reasoning
1. Pro drug may offer advantages over the active form having many desirable
pharmacokinetic properties or less side effects and toxicity, explain with example.
, Autonomic Nervous System
Long Question
1. Write the pathophysiology and pharmacological management of acute congestive
glucoma.
2. Explain the pharmacological basis for use of parilidoxine in acute
organophosphate poisoning.
3. Write therapeutic classification of atropine like drugs . Write therapeutic uses of
atropine.
Short note
1. Drugs used in Glucoma.
2. Compare the termination of sympathetic and parasympathetic transmitter action.
3. Role of anti cholinergic drugs as pre anaesthetic agents.
4. Edrophonium.
5. Uses of atropine.
6. Ipratropium bromide.
Reasoning
1.Cocurrent use of tamsulosin with fenasteride in BHP.
2. Neostigmine is routinely used after panuranium at the end of operation.
3. Pralidoxime contraindicated in carbamate poisoning.
4. Use of atropine in organophosphate poisoning.
5. Dopamine in cardiogenic shock.
6. Alpha blockers are not first line hypertensive drugs.
7. Phenoxybenzamine is before and during surgery of pheochromocytoma.
8. Pyridostigmine is used in treatment of myasthenia gravis.
9. Atropine not regularly used for refraction testing,but used in iridocyclitis and keratitis.
10.Mitotics are now third choice drug in glucoma ,used only as add on therapy in
advanced cases.
11.Adrenaline relaxes bronchial smooth muscles but constricts vascular smooth muscles.
12.Role of oxides in organophosphate poisoning is only adjunctive to atropine.
13.For short term funds examination of eye phenylephrine is preffered over atropine.
14.Regular use of nasal decongestant for long period should be avoidedand should be
used cautiously in those receiving MAO inhibitors.
15.Mitotics are used in angle closings glucoma to remove papillary block and free
iridocorneal angle.
16.Withdrawal of propranolol after chronic use should be gradual.
17.Adrenaline is not a pressure agent.
18.Cholinomimetic drugs are administered in myasthenia gravis in spite of loss of
cholinergic receptors.
19.Administration of dopamine by IV infusion is regulated by monitoring BPand rate of
urine formation.
20.Regular use of nasal decongestant drugs for long periods should be avoided.
21. Why KMnO4 solution used for stomach wash in organophosphate poisoning.
PYQ 2016-2022
@PJS
, General Pharmacology & Ethics
Long Questions
1. Define biotransformation . Enlist different phases of biotransformation with
suitable examples of each phase .Mention the clinical implications of enzyme
induction and giving one suitable example of each.
2. Enumerate the factor modifying drug action. Define pharmacogenics. Give five
examples of how this has been used in the clinical use of the patient.
3. Define drug antagonism.Write different types of drug antagonism with suitable
examples.Write difference between competitive (equilibrium) and non-
competitive antagonism.
4. What is drug elimination?write the differences between drug excretion,clearance
and drug elimination. What is significance of plasma half life?
5. what is adverse drug reaction? How it differs from adverse drug effects? Give
examples of different types of adverse drug reactions.
Short note
1.What are the consequences of non adherence with drug treatment and it’s
management in older people.
2. Post marketing surveillance.
3. Enumerate various routes of drug administration .
4. Write the advantage and disadvantage of sublingual administration.
5. Bioavailability.
6. First order kinetics of drug elimination.
7. Enumerate types of drug administration.
Reasoning
1. Pro drug may offer advantages over the active form having many desirable
pharmacokinetic properties or less side effects and toxicity, explain with example.
, Autonomic Nervous System
Long Question
1. Write the pathophysiology and pharmacological management of acute congestive
glucoma.
2. Explain the pharmacological basis for use of parilidoxine in acute
organophosphate poisoning.
3. Write therapeutic classification of atropine like drugs . Write therapeutic uses of
atropine.
Short note
1. Drugs used in Glucoma.
2. Compare the termination of sympathetic and parasympathetic transmitter action.
3. Role of anti cholinergic drugs as pre anaesthetic agents.
4. Edrophonium.
5. Uses of atropine.
6. Ipratropium bromide.
Reasoning
1.Cocurrent use of tamsulosin with fenasteride in BHP.
2. Neostigmine is routinely used after panuranium at the end of operation.
3. Pralidoxime contraindicated in carbamate poisoning.
4. Use of atropine in organophosphate poisoning.
5. Dopamine in cardiogenic shock.
6. Alpha blockers are not first line hypertensive drugs.
7. Phenoxybenzamine is before and during surgery of pheochromocytoma.
8. Pyridostigmine is used in treatment of myasthenia gravis.
9. Atropine not regularly used for refraction testing,but used in iridocyclitis and keratitis.
10.Mitotics are now third choice drug in glucoma ,used only as add on therapy in
advanced cases.
11.Adrenaline relaxes bronchial smooth muscles but constricts vascular smooth muscles.
12.Role of oxides in organophosphate poisoning is only adjunctive to atropine.
13.For short term funds examination of eye phenylephrine is preffered over atropine.
14.Regular use of nasal decongestant for long period should be avoidedand should be
used cautiously in those receiving MAO inhibitors.
15.Mitotics are used in angle closings glucoma to remove papillary block and free
iridocorneal angle.
16.Withdrawal of propranolol after chronic use should be gradual.
17.Adrenaline is not a pressure agent.
18.Cholinomimetic drugs are administered in myasthenia gravis in spite of loss of
cholinergic receptors.
19.Administration of dopamine by IV infusion is regulated by monitoring BPand rate of
urine formation.
20.Regular use of nasal decongestant drugs for long periods should be avoided.
21. Why KMnO4 solution used for stomach wash in organophosphate poisoning.
