BIO 1201 Practical QUESTIONS AND ANSWEERS
Function of Dermal Denticles
SHARK: Tough protective covering on skin that resemble tiny teeth. They have
hydrodynamic properties that allow sharks to move with minimal water resistance.
Nares (SHARKS/FISH)
Consist of incurrent and excurrent apertures: used in odor detection, not breathing.
Ampullae of Lorenzini
SHARKS: Specialized sensory cells that are capable of detecting weak electric fields at
short ranges, enabling sharks to locate prey without visual or olfactory cues.
Spiracle
SHARKS: A rudimentary first gill slit that may be highly reduced or absent in most fast
moving sharks. It provides for oxygenated blood directly to the eye and brain via a
separate blood vessel.
Gill Slits
Exit for water that has passed through the gills after it has entered through the mouth.
Claspers
Male copulatory organs
Lateral line (SHARKS/FISH)
A series of small fluid-filled canals lying just beneath the skin on the head and along the
sides of the body. This complex system of receptors transforms underwater sound or
mechanical disturbance into nerve impulses, allows a shark to orient to the source.
Stomach (SHARK)
Three parts: Cranial, Fundic, and Pyloric. Food storage and digestion.
Pancreas (SHARK)
A flattened white gland that secretes digestive juices and insulin.
Gall Bladder
A green sac that holds bile for digestion.
Intestine (SHARK)
, Contains the spiral valve, which is an internally twisted or coiled organ that serves to
increase the absorptive surface of the intestine.
Liver (SHARK)
Bile secretion, glycogen and vitamin D storage. A large, soft, oily organ which occupies
as much as 25% of the body cavity. It also produces and holds a large amount of oil to
aid in buoyancy.
Spleen
Maintenance of blood (destroys old RBCs and makes new ones)
Heart (SHARK)
Muscular S-shaped tube with "two" chambers for pumping blood throughout the body.
Ventricles
Pumping chamber of the heart
Atrium (SHARK)
Collects blood from ALL veins.
Gill Lamellae (FISH, SHARK)
Feather-like portion of the gills responsible for gas exchange.
Kidneys (SHARK, FISH, FROG)
Elimination of waste and regulation of internal environment.
Rectal gland
SHARK: Acts as a salt gland for osmoregulation by removing excess sodium chloride
from the blood and and excreting it through a duct in the rectum.
Ovaries
Egg and hormone production
Testes
Gonads for sperm production
Cloaca (SHARK)
A common chamber receiving the openings of the urinary tract, oviduct (females), and
the intestine.
Unpaired fins
FISH: Two dorsal fins, caudal fin, and an anal fin.
Spiny dorsal fin
Function of Dermal Denticles
SHARK: Tough protective covering on skin that resemble tiny teeth. They have
hydrodynamic properties that allow sharks to move with minimal water resistance.
Nares (SHARKS/FISH)
Consist of incurrent and excurrent apertures: used in odor detection, not breathing.
Ampullae of Lorenzini
SHARKS: Specialized sensory cells that are capable of detecting weak electric fields at
short ranges, enabling sharks to locate prey without visual or olfactory cues.
Spiracle
SHARKS: A rudimentary first gill slit that may be highly reduced or absent in most fast
moving sharks. It provides for oxygenated blood directly to the eye and brain via a
separate blood vessel.
Gill Slits
Exit for water that has passed through the gills after it has entered through the mouth.
Claspers
Male copulatory organs
Lateral line (SHARKS/FISH)
A series of small fluid-filled canals lying just beneath the skin on the head and along the
sides of the body. This complex system of receptors transforms underwater sound or
mechanical disturbance into nerve impulses, allows a shark to orient to the source.
Stomach (SHARK)
Three parts: Cranial, Fundic, and Pyloric. Food storage and digestion.
Pancreas (SHARK)
A flattened white gland that secretes digestive juices and insulin.
Gall Bladder
A green sac that holds bile for digestion.
Intestine (SHARK)
, Contains the spiral valve, which is an internally twisted or coiled organ that serves to
increase the absorptive surface of the intestine.
Liver (SHARK)
Bile secretion, glycogen and vitamin D storage. A large, soft, oily organ which occupies
as much as 25% of the body cavity. It also produces and holds a large amount of oil to
aid in buoyancy.
Spleen
Maintenance of blood (destroys old RBCs and makes new ones)
Heart (SHARK)
Muscular S-shaped tube with "two" chambers for pumping blood throughout the body.
Ventricles
Pumping chamber of the heart
Atrium (SHARK)
Collects blood from ALL veins.
Gill Lamellae (FISH, SHARK)
Feather-like portion of the gills responsible for gas exchange.
Kidneys (SHARK, FISH, FROG)
Elimination of waste and regulation of internal environment.
Rectal gland
SHARK: Acts as a salt gland for osmoregulation by removing excess sodium chloride
from the blood and and excreting it through a duct in the rectum.
Ovaries
Egg and hormone production
Testes
Gonads for sperm production
Cloaca (SHARK)
A common chamber receiving the openings of the urinary tract, oviduct (females), and
the intestine.
Unpaired fins
FISH: Two dorsal fins, caudal fin, and an anal fin.
Spiny dorsal fin
