Overview of Psychotherapy and Health Psychology

Overview of Psychotherapy and Health Psychology Dialectical Behavior Therapy - Modified form of CBT focusing on emotional regulation and interpersonal relationships Biosocial Theory - Foundation of DBT, explaining emotion regulation issues from biological and environmental factors interaction Wise Mind - DBT concept: balance of emotion and rationality for control and sensitivity Mindfulness - DBT skill: nonjudgmental present moment awareness Distress Tolerance - DBT coping skill: accepting reality, managing adversity Emotion Regulation - DBT skill: understanding, reducing vulnerability to strong emotions Interpersonal Effectiveness - DBT skill: conflict resolution, active listening, assertiveness Psychoanalysis - Freud's therapy based on unconscious motivations and free association Psychic Determinism - Freudian theory assumption: all behavior is meaningful and goal-directed Id, Ego, Superego - Freud's personality structures: immediate gratification, reality principle, moral conscience Psychosexual Stages - Freud's theory: developmental stages focusing on erogenous zones Defense Mechanisms - Unconscious strategies to resolve conflicts between id and superego Free Association - Psychoanalytic technique: clients speak freely to uncover unconscious thoughts Dream Analysis - Interpreting manifest and latent content of dreams to reveal unconscious desires Resistance - Defense mechanism against psychoanalysis, avoiding confronting unconscious thoughts Transference - Client projecting feelings onto therapist, often from past relationships Countertransference - Therapist's emotional reaction to the client, reflecting unresolved conflicts Process Stages - Steps in psychotherapy: arranging therapy, free association, transference Insight - Understanding unconscious determinants of thoughts, feelings, behaviors Separation Anxiety - Defense mechanisms making a final stand at therapy's end Contemporary Psychodynamic Therapy - Varied techniques, short-term or open-ended, focuses on affect and recurring patterns Interpersonal Relationships - Focuses on relationships and experiences between individuals Fantasy Life Exploration - Encourages exploration of uncensored thoughts, feelings, dreams Research Support - Psychoanalytic theories based on anecdotes, inconclusive treatment efficacy Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) - Successful for depression and suicidal ideation Phenomenological Theory - Psychotherapy based on preserving and enhancing self-experience Self-Actualization - Fulfilling talent and potential for personal growth Growth Potential - Therapy aims for clients to accept personal worth and grow Client-Centered Therapists - Characterized by empathy, unconditional positive regard, congruence Empathy - Understanding and sensitivity to client's feelings, needs Unconditional Positive Regard - Respect, trust in client's inner potential without judgment Congruence - Therapists' genuine expression of feelings, not judgments Client-Centered Therapy - Focuses on empathy, unconditional positive regard, congruence Reflection Statements - Therapists use statements to show understanding, allowing clients to clarify thoughts Therapy Sessions - Sessions occur weekly in client-centered therapy Seven Stages - Therapy progresses through stages from self-unwillingness to self-acceptance Distress Reduction - Client-centered therapy reduces distress and enhances well-being Multicultural Sensitivity - Therapists consider clients' cultural backgrounds for effective therapy CBT Comparison - Client-centered therapy less effective than Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Family System - Interactions among family members leading to behavioral problems General Systems Theory - Views problems as failures in family communication, striving for balance Conjoint Family Therapy - Therapist sees whole family, directs communication for better understanding Concurrent Family Therapy - Therapists work individually with each family member Collaborative Family Therapy - Each family member sees different therapists who collaborate Behavioral Family Therapy - Functional analysis to identify rewards for desired behavior Cognitive-Behavioral Family Therapy - Members taught self-monitoring of problematic behaviors Multi-Systemic Therapy (MST) - For juvenile offenders, addressing multiple systems impacting behavior Multicultural Considerations - Impact on assessment, goal-setting, and interventions in therapy Couples Therapy Origin - 1920s Germany; 1930s US; 1950s became a normal service Cognitive-Behavioral Couples Therapy (CBCT) - Improves communication and problem-solving by challenging cognitions Emotion-Focused Couples Therapy (EFCT) - Improves attachment and bonding by changing interactional styles De-escalation (EFCT) - Recognizing negative patterns, emotions hindering the relationship Restructuring (EFCT) - Sharing emotions to build acceptance, compassion, and responsiveness Consolidation (EFCT) - Learning and practicing new communication strategies Enactment (EFCT) - Therapist guides emotional conversations to increase self-awareness Health Psychology Evolution - Factors influencing health and illness: biological, psychological, and social Psychosomatic Medicine - Physical conditions with psychological causes Biopsychosocial Model - Pathological behaviors influenced by multiple factors Type A Personality - Personality type prone to coronary heart disease Mind-Body Connection - Integration of psychology, behavior, and medicine Stressor - Event triggering stress response Transactional Model of Stress - Stress affects hormonal, autonomic, and immune systems Epinephrine - Adrenaline hormone released during stress Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) - Study of stress impact on body systems and behavior Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) - Behavior influenced by threat and coping appraisals Social Support - Relationship quality shielding from stress effects Biofeedback - Monitoring and modifying physiological functions Operant Conditioning - Using reinforcement to increase healthy behaviors Cognitive-Behavioral Techniques - Modify maladaptive conditions and perceptions Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) - Acknowledge pain, change thinking, set behavioral goals Health Behavior Interventions - Use human behavior knowledge to impact health actions Smoking Prevention Programs - Based on social learning principles, emphasize consequences Problem Drinking Treatment - Approaches include group treatments, medications, psychotherapy Abstinence Rate - Only 36% maintain abstinence post-treatment Motivational Interviewing - Collaborative method to strengthen goal commitment Autonomy in Decision Making - Client given control over decisions Change Talk - Encourages client's internal motivation arguments Controlled Drinking Intervention - Disciplined light to moderate drinking approach Relapse Prevention - Teaching coping skills to prevent relapse Obesity Risks - Linked to diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, depression Causes of Obesity - Biological, social, and behavioral factors Behavioral and Cognitive Treatments - More effective than traditional treatments Meta-Analyses of Obesity Prevention - Recommend modifying home environment and reducing screen time Health and Pediatric Psychologists - Provide mental health care in medical settings Psychological Interventions for Medical Procedures - Help patients cope with anxiety using information and behavioral strategies Increasing Compliance Factors - Include characteristics of disease, patient, environment, and practitioner-patient relationship Multicultural Competence - Awareness of healthcare quality, attitudes, and diversities Benefits of Shared Identity - Cultural sensitivity and compliance increase Drawbacks of Shared Identity - Differing attitudes and potential mistrust Professional Skills for Psychologists - Communication, assertiveness, educating, charting, and record-keeping Ethical Dilemmas in Health Psychology - Informed consent, confidentiality, and record-keeping