Pharmacology NUR1141 Final Exam 2024 Miami Dade The nurse is instructing a patient who will take psyllium (Metamucil) to treat constipation. What information will the nurse include when teachin g the patient? A. The importance of consuming adequate amounts of water B. The need to monitor for systemic side effects C. The onset of action of 30 -60 minutes after administration D. The need to use the dry form of psyllium to prevent cramping RATIONALES A. The importance of consuming adequate amounts of water When instructing a patient who will take psyllium (Metamucil) to treat constipation, it is crucial to emphasize the importance of consuming adequate amounts of wate r. Psyllium is a bulk -
forming laxative that works by absorbing water in the intestines, forming a gel -like mass that helps soften stools and promote bowel movements. Without sufficient water intake, psyllium may cause an obstruction or worsen constipation. B. The need to monitor for systemic side effects. Psyllium is generally well -tolerated and is not associated with significant systemic side effects. The primary consideration is ensuring proper hydration. C. The onset of action of 30 -60 minutes after admi nistration. Psyllium is not a fast -acting laxative. It usually takes a longer time to produce its effects, and patients should not expect an immediate response within 30 -60 minutes. D. The need to use the dry form of psyllium to prevent cramping. Using the dry form of psyllium is not recommended, as it may increase the risk of choking or swallowing difficulties. It is typically recommended to mix psyllium with a sufficient amount of water or other liquids to prevent cramping and ensure proper absorption. The nurse is deciding on a dosage schedule for methylphenidate (Ritalin). The nurse recognizes that which ti me is the most appropriate to administer this drug for maximum effectiveness? A. Before breakfast or lunch B. With meals C. After dinner D. At bedtime RATIONALES A. Before breakfast or lunch Methylphenidate (Ritalin), a st imulant medication commonly used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is usually administered before breakfast or lunch for maximum effectiveness. This schedule helps align the peak concentration of the medication with the times when i ncreased focus and attention are often needed, such as during school hours. B. With meals While it can be administered with meals, the goal is often to have the medication take effect before meals to help with focus and attention during activities like sch ool or work. C. After dinner Administering methylphenidate after dinner may interfere with the patient's ability to fall asleep, as the medication can cause insomnia. It is generally recommended to avoid administering it in the late afternoon or evening. D. At bedtime Administering methylphenidate at bedtime is not appropriate due to the potential for insomnia. The stimulant effect of the medication is not aligned with the patient's sleep -wake cycle. The physician writes an order for Atacand 16 mg. Each tablet contains 8 mg. How many tablets would you administer? RATIONALES Each tab let contains 8 mg of the active ingredient, candesartan. The physician has ordered 16 mg of Atacand, which means you need to give two tablets. You can use this formula to find the number of tablets: Number of tablets = Ordered dose / Tablet strength Number of tablets = 16 mg / 8 mg Number of tablets = 2 Therefore, you would administer two tablets of Atacand to the patient. The physician writes an order for furosemide (Lasix) 120 mg. Each table contains 40 mg. How many tablets would you administer? RATIONALES To calculate the dosage of furosemide (Lasix), a diuretic medicati on, you need to divide the ordered amount by the tablet strength. In this case, the ordered amount is 120 mg and the tablet strength is 40 mg. Therefore, you need to divide 120 by 40, which gives you 3. This means you would administer 3 tablets of furosemi de (Lasix) to the patient. How will the parents of a 8 year old child diagnosed with ADHD most typically describe their child's behavior? A. a learning disorder and muscle paralysis B. nervo usness and sleeplessness C. hyperactivity and decreased attention span D. hyperactivity and nervousness RATIONALES A. A learning disorder and muscle paralysis This description does not align with the typical symptoms of A DHD. ADHD is characterized by core symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Muscle paralysis is not a recognized symptom of ADHD. B. Nervousness and sleeplessness While some individuals with ADHD may experience difficulties with sleep, nerv ousness and sleeplessness are not the primary symptoms of ADHD. ADHD is more characterized by difficulties with attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. C. Hyperactivity and decreased attention span This is the correct choice. Hyperactivity and a decreas ed attention span are core symptoms of ADHD. Children with ADHD often display impulsive behaviors, have difficulty sustaining attention, and may be overly active. D. Hyperactivity and nervousness While hyperactivity is a common symptom of ADHD, nervousness is not typically described as a core symptom. ADHD is more characterized by impulsivity, hyperactivity, and attention difficulties. A nurse is teaching a client measures to help relieve sleeplessness. Which would be the highest priority teaching point during the instructional session? A. Avoid caffeine -containing beverages before sleep B. Perform strenuous ex ercise before bedtime C. Drink lots of fluids before bedtime D. Eat a heavy meal before bedtime. RATIONALES A. Avoid caffeine -containing beverages before sleep The highest priority teaching point to help relieve sleepless ness would be to advise the client to avoid caffeine -containing beverages before sleep. Caffeine is a stimulant that can interfere with the ability to fall asleep and maintain a restful sleep. B. Perform strenuous exercise before bedtime Strenuous exercise close to bedtime can actually stimulate the body and make it more difficult for the individual to relax and fall asleep. It is generally recommended to engage in exercise earlier in the day. C. Drink lots of fluids before bedtime Drinking excessive fluids before bedtime may lead to disrupted sleep as it can increase the need to wake up for bathroom trips during the night. It's advisable to limit fluid intake close to bedtime. D. Eat a heavy meal before bedtime Consuming a heavy meal before bedtime can caus e discomfort and indigestion, potentially disrupting sleep. It is recommended to have a light, easily digestible meal if eating close to bedtime. Prescribed is 750 mL of IV fluids to infuse in 10 hours. What rate should the nurse program the IV infusion pump for? RATIONALES To calculate the rate of IV infusion, the nurse s hould divide the volume of fluid by the time in hours. In this case, 750 mL divided by 10 hours equals 75 mL per hour. Therefore, the nurse should program the IV infusion pump for 75 mL per hour. Prescribed is 80 mg of gentamicin in 50 mL to infuse in 30 minutes. The nurse would program the electronic infusion pump at what rate? RATIONALES To calculate the infusion rate for gentamicin, the nurse needs to use the following formula: infusion rate (mL/h) = volume (mL) x 60 / time (min). Plugging in the given values, we get: infusion rate (mL/h) = 50 x = 100. Therefore, the nurse would program the electronic infusion pump at 100 mL/h. A health care provider prescribes 50 m g of a drug. The drug is only available in a 20 mL vial that contains 20 mg/mL of the drug. How much solution must the nurse administer for each dose? RATIONALES To calculate the amount of solution needed for each dose, we need to use the formula: Amount of solution (mL) = Dose (mg) / Concentration (mg/mL) Plugging in the given values, we get: Amount of solution (mL) = 50 mg / 20 mg/mL
forming laxative that works by absorbing water in the intestines, forming a gel -like mass that helps soften stools and promote bowel movements. Without sufficient water intake, psyllium may cause an obstruction or worsen constipation. B. The need to monitor for systemic side effects. Psyllium is generally well -tolerated and is not associated with significant systemic side effects. The primary consideration is ensuring proper hydration. C. The onset of action of 30 -60 minutes after admi nistration. Psyllium is not a fast -acting laxative. It usually takes a longer time to produce its effects, and patients should not expect an immediate response within 30 -60 minutes. D. The need to use the dry form of psyllium to prevent cramping. Using the dry form of psyllium is not recommended, as it may increase the risk of choking or swallowing difficulties. It is typically recommended to mix psyllium with a sufficient amount of water or other liquids to prevent cramping and ensure proper absorption. The nurse is deciding on a dosage schedule for methylphenidate (Ritalin). The nurse recognizes that which ti me is the most appropriate to administer this drug for maximum effectiveness? A. Before breakfast or lunch B. With meals C. After dinner D. At bedtime RATIONALES A. Before breakfast or lunch Methylphenidate (Ritalin), a st imulant medication commonly used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is usually administered before breakfast or lunch for maximum effectiveness. This schedule helps align the peak concentration of the medication with the times when i ncreased focus and attention are often needed, such as during school hours. B. With meals While it can be administered with meals, the goal is often to have the medication take effect before meals to help with focus and attention during activities like sch ool or work. C. After dinner Administering methylphenidate after dinner may interfere with the patient's ability to fall asleep, as the medication can cause insomnia. It is generally recommended to avoid administering it in the late afternoon or evening. D. At bedtime Administering methylphenidate at bedtime is not appropriate due to the potential for insomnia. The stimulant effect of the medication is not aligned with the patient's sleep -wake cycle. The physician writes an order for Atacand 16 mg. Each tablet contains 8 mg. How many tablets would you administer? RATIONALES Each tab let contains 8 mg of the active ingredient, candesartan. The physician has ordered 16 mg of Atacand, which means you need to give two tablets. You can use this formula to find the number of tablets: Number of tablets = Ordered dose / Tablet strength Number of tablets = 16 mg / 8 mg Number of tablets = 2 Therefore, you would administer two tablets of Atacand to the patient. The physician writes an order for furosemide (Lasix) 120 mg. Each table contains 40 mg. How many tablets would you administer? RATIONALES To calculate the dosage of furosemide (Lasix), a diuretic medicati on, you need to divide the ordered amount by the tablet strength. In this case, the ordered amount is 120 mg and the tablet strength is 40 mg. Therefore, you need to divide 120 by 40, which gives you 3. This means you would administer 3 tablets of furosemi de (Lasix) to the patient. How will the parents of a 8 year old child diagnosed with ADHD most typically describe their child's behavior? A. a learning disorder and muscle paralysis B. nervo usness and sleeplessness C. hyperactivity and decreased attention span D. hyperactivity and nervousness RATIONALES A. A learning disorder and muscle paralysis This description does not align with the typical symptoms of A DHD. ADHD is characterized by core symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Muscle paralysis is not a recognized symptom of ADHD. B. Nervousness and sleeplessness While some individuals with ADHD may experience difficulties with sleep, nerv ousness and sleeplessness are not the primary symptoms of ADHD. ADHD is more characterized by difficulties with attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. C. Hyperactivity and decreased attention span This is the correct choice. Hyperactivity and a decreas ed attention span are core symptoms of ADHD. Children with ADHD often display impulsive behaviors, have difficulty sustaining attention, and may be overly active. D. Hyperactivity and nervousness While hyperactivity is a common symptom of ADHD, nervousness is not typically described as a core symptom. ADHD is more characterized by impulsivity, hyperactivity, and attention difficulties. A nurse is teaching a client measures to help relieve sleeplessness. Which would be the highest priority teaching point during the instructional session? A. Avoid caffeine -containing beverages before sleep B. Perform strenuous ex ercise before bedtime C. Drink lots of fluids before bedtime D. Eat a heavy meal before bedtime. RATIONALES A. Avoid caffeine -containing beverages before sleep The highest priority teaching point to help relieve sleepless ness would be to advise the client to avoid caffeine -containing beverages before sleep. Caffeine is a stimulant that can interfere with the ability to fall asleep and maintain a restful sleep. B. Perform strenuous exercise before bedtime Strenuous exercise close to bedtime can actually stimulate the body and make it more difficult for the individual to relax and fall asleep. It is generally recommended to engage in exercise earlier in the day. C. Drink lots of fluids before bedtime Drinking excessive fluids before bedtime may lead to disrupted sleep as it can increase the need to wake up for bathroom trips during the night. It's advisable to limit fluid intake close to bedtime. D. Eat a heavy meal before bedtime Consuming a heavy meal before bedtime can caus e discomfort and indigestion, potentially disrupting sleep. It is recommended to have a light, easily digestible meal if eating close to bedtime. Prescribed is 750 mL of IV fluids to infuse in 10 hours. What rate should the nurse program the IV infusion pump for? RATIONALES To calculate the rate of IV infusion, the nurse s hould divide the volume of fluid by the time in hours. In this case, 750 mL divided by 10 hours equals 75 mL per hour. Therefore, the nurse should program the IV infusion pump for 75 mL per hour. Prescribed is 80 mg of gentamicin in 50 mL to infuse in 30 minutes. The nurse would program the electronic infusion pump at what rate? RATIONALES To calculate the infusion rate for gentamicin, the nurse needs to use the following formula: infusion rate (mL/h) = volume (mL) x 60 / time (min). Plugging in the given values, we get: infusion rate (mL/h) = 50 x = 100. Therefore, the nurse would program the electronic infusion pump at 100 mL/h. A health care provider prescribes 50 m g of a drug. The drug is only available in a 20 mL vial that contains 20 mg/mL of the drug. How much solution must the nurse administer for each dose? RATIONALES To calculate the amount of solution needed for each dose, we need to use the formula: Amount of solution (mL) = Dose (mg) / Concentration (mg/mL) Plugging in the given values, we get: Amount of solution (mL) = 50 mg / 20 mg/mL
