Practice questions with Answers
1. Which change represents the primary impetus for the end of the era of the female lay healer?
1. Perception of health promotion as an obligation
2. Development of a clinical nurse specialist position statement
3. Foundation of the American Association of Nurse-Midwives
4. Emergence of a medical establishment - correct answersAnswer: 4
The emergence of a male medical establishment represents the primary impetus for the end of the era
of the female lay healer. Whereas lay healers viewed their role as being a function of their community
obligations, the emerging medical establishment viewed healing as a commodity. The era of the female
lay healer began and ended in the 19thcentury. The American Association of Nurse-Midwives (AANM)
was founded in 1928. The American Nurses Association (ANA) position statement on educational
requirements for the clinical nurse specialist (CNS) was developed in 1965; the ANA's position statement
on the role of the CNS was issued in 1976.
2. The beginning of modern nursing is traditionally considered to have begun with which event?
1. Establishment of the first school of nursing
2. Incorporation of midwifery by the lay healer
3. Establishment of the Frontier Nursing Service (FNS)
4. Creation of the American Association of Nurse-Midwives (AANM) - correct answersAnswer: 1
Traditionally, modern nursing is considered to have begun in 1873, when the first three U.S. training
schools for nurses opened. The role of the lay healer as a midwife is documented to have occurred in
the 19th century, before the establishment of schools of nursing. The Frontier Nursing Service (FNS),
which provided nurse-midwifery services, was established in 1925. In 1928, the Kentucky State
Association of Midwives, which was an outgrowth of the FNS, became the American Association of
Nurse-Midwives (AANM).
3. In 1910, which factors most significantly influenced the midwifery profession? Select all that apply.
1. Strict licensing requirements
2. Negative public perception
3. Dedicated funding for training
4. Poor maternal-child outcomes
5. Mandatory professional supervision - correct answersAnswer: 2, 4
1. Which change represents the primary impetus for the end of the era of the female lay healer?
1. Perception of health promotion as an obligation
2. Development of a clinical nurse specialist position statement
3. Foundation of the American Association of Nurse-Midwives
4. Emergence of a medical establishment - correct answersAnswer: 4
The emergence of a male medical establishment represents the primary impetus for the end of the era
of the female lay healer. Whereas lay healers viewed their role as being a function of their community
obligations, the emerging medical establishment viewed healing as a commodity. The era of the female
lay healer began and ended in the 19thcentury. The American Association of Nurse-Midwives (AANM)
was founded in 1928. The American Nurses Association (ANA) position statement on educational
requirements for the clinical nurse specialist (CNS) was developed in 1965; the ANA's position statement
on the role of the CNS was issued in 1976.
2. The beginning of modern nursing is traditionally considered to have begun with which event?
1. Establishment of the first school of nursing
2. Incorporation of midwifery by the lay healer
3. Establishment of the Frontier Nursing Service (FNS)
4. Creation of the American Association of Nurse-Midwives (AANM) - correct answersAnswer: 1
Traditionally, modern nursing is considered to have begun in 1873, when the first three U.S. training
schools for nurses opened. The role of the lay healer as a midwife is documented to have occurred in
the 19th century, before the establishment of schools of nursing. The Frontier Nursing Service (FNS),
which provided nurse-midwifery services, was established in 1925. In 1928, the Kentucky State
Association of Midwives, which was an outgrowth of the FNS, became the American Association of
Nurse-Midwives (AANM).
3. In 1910, which factors most significantly influenced the midwifery profession? Select all that apply.
1. Strict licensing requirements
2. Negative public perception
3. Dedicated funding for training
4. Poor maternal-child outcomes
5. Mandatory professional supervision - correct answersAnswer: 2, 4
