Echo Registry Review PASSED Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers

Echo Registry Review PASSED Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers The right heart is associated with the _____ circulatory system and the left heart is associated with the ____ circulatory system. - Correct ANSWER - Pulmonary / systemic The left heart is a ______ resistance system. - Correct ANSWER - High PAP greater than ___ mmHg at rest signifies PHTN - Correct ANSWER - 25 _____ is the arterial pressure exerted on the walls of the systemic circulatory system. - Correct ANSWER - Blood pressure ______ are responsible for the exchange of nutrients and oxygen within the tissues. - Correct ANSWER - Capillaries In the adult, normal oxygen saturation in the right heart is ____% and normal in the left heart is ___%. - Correct ANSWER - When describing intracardiac pressures, mean right atrial pressure = ____? - Correct ANSWER - right ventricular end diastolic pressure Put the following in order in which blood travels to them from the aorta: venules, capillaries, arterioles, veins, arteries - Correct ANSWER - arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins Stage 1 HTN = - Correct ANSWER - 130- -89 mmHg The apex is positioned how? - Correct ANSWER - inferior, rotates posterior, with rightward direction A fluid filled sac that encloses the heart and protects it against infection and trauma. - Correct ANSWER - Pericardium Order of heart walls from inner layer to outer. - Correct ANSWER - endocardium, myocardium, serous pericardium, fibrous pericardium List the anatomical order of the MV apparatus - Correct ANSWER - annulus fibrosus, leaflets, chordae tendineae, antero -lateral papillary muscle & postero -medial The coronary sinus is positioned along the - Correct ANSWER - posterior atrioventricular groove The great cardiac vein travels along the ______ artery - Correct ANSWER - Left anterior descending The great cardiac vein collects blood from the _____, and drains into the _____ - Correct ANSWER - anterior myocardium / coronary sinus The largest cardiac valve is the _____ - Correct ANSWER - TV Normal TV orifice measurement - Correct ANSWER - 7 - 9 cm2 Normal TV velocity - Correct ANSWER - 0.3 - 0.7 m/s What is the most anterior chamber in the heart? - Correct ANSWER - RV What is another name for the RVOT? - Correct ANSWER - infundibulum Under normal circumstances which is greater, AV velocity or PV velocity? - Correct ANSWER - AV velocity The LAA acts as a ______ chamber - Correct ANSWER - decompression Normal measurements for the MV velocity and orifice ? - Correct ANSWER - >2.0 m/s velocity - 4-8 cm2 orifice Located in the center of the free edge of each AV cusp, these ensure complete closure of the A V. - Correct ANSWER - Nodules of Arantius Aortic isthmus is located between the - Correct ANSWER - Left subclavian artery and ligamentum arteriosum Left coronary artery divides into the - Correct ANSWER - left anterior descending and left circumflex Right coronary artery divides into the - Correct ANSWER - acute marginal and posterior descending During _____, all 4 valves are closed and the ventricular pressure increases - Correct ANSWER - isovolumic contraction The largest volume in the heart during the cardiac cycle is known as the _____ volume. - Correct ANSWER - End-diastolic Where/when is the largest normal pressure gradient within the heart? - Correct ANSWER - across the MV during systole The equation for determining cardiac output - Correct ANSWER - (EDV - ESV) X HR Fluid overload increases ______ and pressure overload increases _____ - Correct ANSWER - preload / afterload