Echo Registry Review UPDATED Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers

Echo Registry Review UPDATED Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers Produced when a signal from the SA node spreads through the atria on a ECG - Correct ANSWER - P-Wave Detects electrical current in the heart - Correct ANSWER - Electrocardiogram Generated by ventricular repolarization - Correct ANSWER - T-Wave produced when signal from AV node spreads through ventricular myocardium and depolarizes muscle - Correct ANSWER - QRS complex The heart beats due to this - Correct ANSWER - autorhythmicity Charge shifts from negative to positive - Correct ANSWER - Depolarization Nerve like process that spreads action potential through ventricular myocardium - Correct ANSWER - Purkinjefibers Primary Pacemaker cell of the heart - Correct ANSWER - SA Node Short branched cell found in the heart - Correct ANSWER - Cardiocyte Stores and pumps calcium ions - Correct ANSWER - Sarcoplasmic reticulum Plateau phase of the cardiac action potential - Correct ANSWER - Phase 2 Begins halfway through Phase 0 until part way thru phase 3 - Correct ANSWER - (Absolute ) Refractory period allow action potential to spread through cells - Correct ANSWER - Gap junctions Fast Na+ channels open in this phase - Correct ANSWER - Phase 0 Phase in which cell is not stimulated ( resting membrane potential ) - Correct ANSWER - Phase 4 Autoarythmic cells are also known as - Correct ANSWER - pacemaker cells Phase 4 in autoarythmic cells differ from phase 4 in cardiocytes in which way ? - Correct ANSWER - phase 4 in autoarythmic cells has no stable resting membrane where as in cardiocytes, phase 4 has a resting membrane potential. Sequences of changes within the cell which causes it to depolarize and repolarize. - Correct ANSWER - Action potential A Cardiocyte is a : a. Autoarythmic cell b. Contractile Cell c. A gap junction cell d. excitile cell - Correct ANSWER - b. Contractile cell The inward movement of ions is known as - Correct ANSWER - Influx part of the cell that allows the voltage stimulation wave to travel from cell to cell. - Correct ANSWER - Gap Junctions The result of ectopic Foci in the Atria - Correct ANSWER - Atrial flutter Adult Heart rate at rest is....70 -80 bpm. This is also know as _________ tone - Correct ANSWER - Vagal Tone Region of spontaneous firing within the heart - Correct ANSWER - Ectopic foci The section between the sympathetic nervous system and the SA node - Correct ANSWER - Cardiac plexus What slows the heart ?...Parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous system - Correct ANSWER - parasympathetic Fibers of the right vagus nerve enters the ________ node - Correct ANSWER - SA node Fibers of the left vagus nerve enters the ________ node - Correct ANSWER - AV node Cardiac cells do not have satellite cells to do what ? - Correct ANSWER - Repair muscle What cellular structure occupies 25 % of a cardiocyte as compared to 1 % in most other cells ??? - Correct ANSWER - Mitochondria Cardiocytes contain ______ nucleus(s) and are surrounded by light staining mass of _______ - Correct ANSWER - one, Glycogen What structures join cardiocytes end to end. - Correct ANSWER - Intercalated Discs Interlocks with each other to increase surface area of contact in the cardiocyte - Correct ANSWER - Interdiating folds What structure prevents cells from being pulled apart - Correct ANSWER - Desmosomes What brings action potential to the sarcoplasmic reticulum - Correct ANSWER - T Tubules If velocity is increased, Pressure is _________ - Correct ANSWER - Decreased If viscosity is increased, Flow is ____________ - Correct ANSWER - decreased If area is increased, Velocity is _____________ - Correct ANSWER - decreased if radius is decreased, flow is _______________ - Correct ANSWER - decreased If radius is decreased in a stenosis, velocity is ________ - Correct ANSWER - increased The formula for calculating EF is: - Correct ANSWER - EDV -ESV / EDV x 100 Stroke Volume formula ? - Correct ANSWER - EDV -ESV The LA dimension is measured on M=mode during? - Correct ANSWER - End -systole Where are the pulmonary veins located? - Correct ANSWER - LA-Can be seen in Apical 4 chamber w/inferior angulation. What does the T wave represent - Correct ANSWER - repolarization of the ventricles What are the symptoms of Aortic Stenosis? - Correct ANSWER - Decrease CO Chest pain Syncope CVA