Katzung Pharmacology Exam 1

Katzung Pharmacology Exam 1 Questions And Answers 1. hhA55-year -old hhwoman hhwith hhhypertension hhis hhto hhbe hhtreated hhwith hha hhvasodilator hhdrug. hhDrugs hhX hhand hhY hhhave hhthe hhsame hhmechanism hhof hhaction. hhDrug hhX hhin hha hhdose hhof hh5 hhmg hhproduces hhthe hhsame hhdecrease hhin hhblood hhpressure hhas hh500 hhmg hhof hhdrug hhY. hhWhich hhof hhthe hhfollowing hhstatements hhbest hhdescribes hhthese hhresults? hh (A)Drug hhY hhis hhless hhefficacious hhthan hhdrug hhX hh (B)Drug hhX hhis hhabout hh100 hhtimes hhmore hhpotent hhthan hhdrug hhY hh (C)Toxicity hhof hhdrug hhX hhis hhless hhthan hhthat hhof hhdrug hhY hh (D)Drug hhX hhhas hha hhwider hhtherapeutic hhwindow hhthan hhdrug hhY hh (E) hhDrug hhX hhwill hhhave hha hhshorter hhduration hhof hhaction hhthan hhdrug hhY hhbecause hhless hhof hhdrug hhX hhis hhpresent hhover hhthe hhtime hhcourse hhof hhdrug hhaction hh- hhNo hhinformation hhis hhgiven hhregarding hhthe hhmaximal hhantihyperten -sive hhresponse hhto hheither hhdrug. hhSimilarly, hhno hhinformation hhabout hhtoxicity hhis hhprovided. hhThe hhfact hhthat hha hhgiven hhresponse hhis hhachieved hhwith hha hhsmaller hhdose hhof hhdrug hhX hhindicates hhthat hhX hhis hhmore hhpotent hhthan hhY hhin hhthe hhratio hhof hh500:5. hhThe hhanswer hhis hhB. 2. hhGraded hhand hhquantal hhdose -response hhcurves hhare hhbeing hhused hhfor hhevaluation hhof hha hhnew hhantiasthmatic hhdrug hhin hhthe hhanimal hhlaboratory hhand hhin hhclinical hhtrials. hhWhich hhof hhthe hhfollowing hhstatements hhbest hhdescribes hhquantal hhdose -response hhcurves? hh (A)More hhprecisely hhquantitated hhthan hhgraded hhdose -response hhcurves hh(B)Obtainable hhfrom hhthe hhstudy hhof hhintact hhsubjects hhbut hhnot hhfrom hhisolated hhtissue hhpreparations hh (C)Used hhto hhdetermine hhthe hhmaximal hhefficacy hhof hhthe hhdrug hh(D) hhUsed hhto hhdetermine hhthe hhstatistical hhvariation hh(standard hhdeviation) hhof hhthe hhmaximal hhresponse hhto hhthe hhdrug hh (E)Used hhto hhdetermine hhthe hhvariation hhin hhsensitivity hhof hhsubjects hhto hhthe hhdrug hh- hhPrecise hhquantitation hhis hhpossible hhwith hhboth hhtypes hhof hhdose -response hhcurves. hhQuantal hhdose -response hhcurves hhshow hhthe hhfrequency hhof hhoccurrence hhof hha hhspecified hhresponse, hhwhich hhmay hhbe hhtherapeutically hheffective hh(ED) hhor hhtoxic hh(TD). hhThus, hhquantal hhstudies hhare hhused hhto hhdetermine hhthe hhtherapeutic hhindex hhand hhthe hhvariation hhin hhsensitivity hhto hhthe hhdrug. hhGraded hh(not hhquantal) hhdose -response hhcurves hhare hhused hhto hhdetermine hhmaximal hhefficacy hh(maximal hhresponse). hhThe hhanswer hhis hhC. 4. hhA hhstudy hhwas hhcarried hhout hhin hhisolated, hhperfused hhanimal hhhearts. hhIn hhthe hhabsence hhof hhother hhdrugs, hhpindolol, hha hhβ-adrenoceptor hhligand, hhcaused hhan hhincrease hhin hhheart hhrate. hhIn hhthe hhpresence hhof hhhighly hheffective hhβ hhstimulants, hhhowever, hhpindolol hhcaused hha hhdose -dependent, hhreversible hhdecrease hhin hhheart hhrate. hhWhich hhof hhthe hhfollowing hhexpressions hhbest hhdescribes hhpindolol? hh (A)A hhchemical hhantagonist hh (B)An hhirreversible hhantagonist hh (C)A hhpartial hhagonist hh (D)A hhphysiologic hhantagonist hh (E)A hhspare hhreceptor hhagonist hh- hhChoices hhinvolving hhchemical hhor hhphysiologic hhantagonism hhare hhincorrect hhbecause hhpindolol hhis hhsaid hhto hhact hhat hhβ hhreceptors hhand hhto hhblock β hhstimulants. hhThe hhdrug hheffect hhis hhreversible, hhso hhchoice hhBis hhincorrect. hh"Spare hhreceptor hhagonist" hhis hha hhnonsense hhdistracter. hhThe hhanswer hhis hhC. 5. hhBeta hhadrenoceptors hhin hhthe hhheartregulate hhcardiac hhrate hhand hhcontractile hhstrength. hhSeveral hhstudies hhhave hhindicated hhthat hhin hhhumans hhand hhexperimental hhanimals, hhabout hh90% hhof hhβ hhadrenoceptors hhin hhthe hhheart hhare hhspare hhreceptors. hhWhich hhof hhthe hhfollowing hhstatements hhabout hhspare hhreceptors hhis hhmost hhcorrect? hh (A)Spare hhreceptors, hhin hhthe hhabsence hhof hhdrug, hhare hhsequestered hhin hhthe hhcytoplasm hh (B)Spare hhreceptors hhmay hhbe hhdetected hhby hhfinding hhthat hhthe hhdrugreceptor hhinteraction hhlasts hhlonger hhthan hhthe hhintracellular hheffect hh (C)Spare hhreceptors hhinfluence hhthe hhmaximal hhefficacy hhof hhthe hhdrug -receptor hhsystem hh(D)Spare hhreceptors hhactivate hhthe hheffector hhmachinery hhof hhthe hhcell hhwithout hhthe hhneed hhfor hha hhdrug hh (E)Spare hhreceptors hhmay hhbe hhdetected hhby hhthe hhfinding hhthat hhthe hhEC50 hhis hhsmaller hhthan hhthe hhKd hhfor hhthe hhagonist hh- hhThere hhis hhno hhdifference hhin hhlocation hhbetween hh"spare" hhand hhother hhreceptors. hhSpare hhreceptors hhmay hhbe hhdefined hhas hhthose hhthat hhare hhnot hhneeded hhfor hhbinding hhdrug hhto hhachieve hhthe hhmaximal hheffect. hhSpare hhreceptors hhinfluence hhthe hhsensitivity hhof hhthe hhsystem hhto hhan hhagonist hhbecause hhthe hhstatistical hhprobability hhof hha hhdrug -receptor hhinterac -tion hhincreases hhwith hhthe hhtotal hhnumber hhof hhreceptors. hhThey hhdo hhnot hhalter hhthe hhmaximal hhefficacy. hhIf hhthey hhdo hhnot hhbind hhan hhagonist hhmolecule, hhspare hhreceptors hhdo hhnot hhactivate hhan hheffector hhmolecule. hhEC50less hhthan hhKd hhis hhan hhindication hhof hhthe hhpresence hhof hhspare hhreceptors. hhThe hhanswer hhis hhE. 7. hhSugammadex hhis hha hhnew hhdrug hhthat hhreverses hhthe hhaction hhof hhrocuronium hhand hhcertain hhother hhskeletal hhmuscle -relaxing hhagents. hhIt hhappears hhto hhinteract hhdirectly hhwith hhthe hhrocuronium hhmolecule hhand hhnot hhat hhall hhwith hhthe hhrocuronium hhreceptor. hhWhich hhof hhthe hhfollowing hhterms hhbest hhdescribes hhsugammadex? (A)Chemical hhantagonist (B)Noncompetitive hhantagonist (C)Partial hhagonist (D)Pharmacologic hhantagonist