CHAPTER 2 - RESEARCH ETHICS
RESEARCH ETHICS JUSTICE
➔ framework of values within which we conduct ➔ airness in both the burdens and benefits of
research research
➔ help researchers identify actions we consider
good and bad
APA GUIDELINES
INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARDS (IRBS)
INFORMED CONSENT
➔ composed of laypeople and researchers that
evaluate research proposals to make sure ➔ A participant or guardian agrees in writing to
that they follow ethical standards the their participation after relevant details of
➔ protect the safety of research participants the experiment have been explained
➔ they decide whether a proposed study ➔ may include risks and benefits, but does not
increases participants' risk of injury since extend to deception or the hypothesis.
psychological research can cause physical ➔ the most important principle built into
and/or psychological discomfort ethics codes is the right of a participant to
➔ help researchers estimate the degree of risk refuse to be in the study or discontinue
involved in their studies participation.
What do "at risk” or at “minimal risk” mean? DECEPTION
➔ at risk increase the chance of harm
compared with not participating in the study ➔ may be used when it is the best way to
➔ Minimal risk studies do not increase the obtain information.
likelihood of injury ➔ may not be used to minimize the participants'
perception of risk or exaggerate their
A study that is "at risk" should only be approved when perception of potential benefits.
the participants' risks are outweighed by gains in
knowledge.
Which steps must researchers take if deception is
used?
BELMONT REPORT (1979) - PRINCIPLES
➔ Subjects must be allowed to withdraw from
the experiment at any time and should never
RESPECT FOR PERSONS
face coercion to remain.
➔ The experimenter should provide debriefing
➔ individuals have the right of (full disclosure) after either their personal
self-determination (basis of informed participation or the completion of the entire
consent) study.
DEBRIEFING
BENEFICENCE
➔ minimize harm and maximize potential ➔ involves explaining the true nature and
benefits (basis of risk/benefit analysis) purpose of the experiment.
➔ Benefits should outweigh the risk ➔ essential component of good experimental
research.
◆ It is necessary to offer our
participants a full explanation of our
RESEARCH ETHICS JUSTICE
➔ framework of values within which we conduct ➔ airness in both the burdens and benefits of
research research
➔ help researchers identify actions we consider
good and bad
APA GUIDELINES
INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARDS (IRBS)
INFORMED CONSENT
➔ composed of laypeople and researchers that
evaluate research proposals to make sure ➔ A participant or guardian agrees in writing to
that they follow ethical standards the their participation after relevant details of
➔ protect the safety of research participants the experiment have been explained
➔ they decide whether a proposed study ➔ may include risks and benefits, but does not
increases participants' risk of injury since extend to deception or the hypothesis.
psychological research can cause physical ➔ the most important principle built into
and/or psychological discomfort ethics codes is the right of a participant to
➔ help researchers estimate the degree of risk refuse to be in the study or discontinue
involved in their studies participation.
What do "at risk” or at “minimal risk” mean? DECEPTION
➔ at risk increase the chance of harm
compared with not participating in the study ➔ may be used when it is the best way to
➔ Minimal risk studies do not increase the obtain information.
likelihood of injury ➔ may not be used to minimize the participants'
perception of risk or exaggerate their
A study that is "at risk" should only be approved when perception of potential benefits.
the participants' risks are outweighed by gains in
knowledge.
Which steps must researchers take if deception is
used?
BELMONT REPORT (1979) - PRINCIPLES
➔ Subjects must be allowed to withdraw from
the experiment at any time and should never
RESPECT FOR PERSONS
face coercion to remain.
➔ The experimenter should provide debriefing
➔ individuals have the right of (full disclosure) after either their personal
self-determination (basis of informed participation or the completion of the entire
consent) study.
DEBRIEFING
BENEFICENCE
➔ minimize harm and maximize potential ➔ involves explaining the true nature and
benefits (basis of risk/benefit analysis) purpose of the experiment.
➔ Benefits should outweigh the risk ➔ essential component of good experimental
research.
◆ It is necessary to offer our
participants a full explanation of our
