Pediatric Pulmonary Physiology & Airway Anatomy
Questions and Answers 2024
1. life not possible until 24-25 weeks gestation: Ex- trauterine
2. Which type of pneumocytes are primarily responsible for gas exchange in the lungs?
A) Type I pneumocytes
B) Type II pneumocytes
C) Type III pneumocytes
D) Type IV pneumocytes: A) Type I pneumocytes
3. Two types of pulmonary epithelial cells, what are they?: Type I and Type II pneumocytes
4. Type pneumocytes - flat and form tight junctions that interconnect to the interstitium,
perform gas exchange: I
5. Which type of pneumocytes is more numerous, resistant to oxygen toxicity, and capable of
transforming into Type I pneumocytes?
A) Type I pneumocytes
B) Type II pneumocytes
C) Type III pneumocytes
D) Type IV pneumocytes: B) Type II pneumocytes
6. Type pneumocytes - more numerous, resistant to O2 toxicity, capa- ble of forming
Type I pneumocytes: II
7. production by Type II pneumocytes at 24 weeks gesta- tional age with
sufficient production by 35 weeks gestation: Surfactant
8. At what gestational age do Type II pneumocytes begin producing surfactant, with sufficient
production typically achieved by 35 weeks?
A) 20 weeks
B) 24 weeks
C) 28 weeks
D) 32 weeks: B) 24 weeks
9. Premature infants are prone to due to inade-
quate surfactant levels: respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
10.For which gestational period can betamethasone be administered to preg- nant mothers to
accelerate surfactant production and prevent respiratory distress syndrome at birth?
A) 18-24 weeks
B) 24-30 weeks
C) 24-35 weeks
D) 30-35 weeks: C) 24-35 weeks
11.Which of the following sequences represents the correct stages of lung formation during
embryonic development?
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, Pediatric Pulmonary Physiology & Airway Anatomy
Questions and Answers 2024
A) Pseudoglandular, Canalicular, Alveolar
B) Alveolar, Canalicular, Pseudoglandular
C) Canalicular, Pseudoglandular, Alveolar
D) Alveolar, Pseudoglandular, Canalicular: A) Pseudo-glandular, Canalicular, Alveolar
12.At what gestational age does the vast majority of alveolarization in the lungs occur, with
completion typically happening by what age?
A) Alveolarization occurs predominantly at 40 weeks gestation and finishes by 6 years old.
B) Alveolarization occurs predominantly at 36 weeks gestation and finishes by 8-10 years old.
C) Alveolarization occurs predominantly at 32 weeks gestation and finishes by 5-7 years old.
D) Alveolarization occurs predominantly at 38 weeks gestation and finishes by 9-11 years old.: B)
Alveolarization occurs predominantly at 36 weeks gestation and finishes by 8-10 years old.
13.Stages of Lung Formation in order: Embryonic 3-6 weeks Pseudo-
glandular 6-16 weeks
Canalicular 16-26 weeks
Saccular 26-36 weeks Alveolar
Adolescence
14.Which substance reduces surface tension at the air-water interface in the alveoli, consequently
preventing collapse at the end of expiration and leading to increased lung compliance?
A) Surfactant
B) Mucus
C) Cilia
D) Albumin: A) Surfactant
15.How does surfactant help minimize the risk of respiratory distress in newborns following
delivery?
A) By increasing the production of mucus
B) By enhancing the activity of cilia
C) By reducing the work of breathing through the reduction of surface tension in the alveoli
D) By promoting the synthesis of albumin in the lungs: C) By reducing the work of breathing
through the reduction of surface tension in the alveoli
16.What physiological changes occur in the neonate's cardiovascular system immediately after
birth, related to the first breath of air and the expulsion of amniotic fluid?
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Questions and Answers 2024
1. life not possible until 24-25 weeks gestation: Ex- trauterine
2. Which type of pneumocytes are primarily responsible for gas exchange in the lungs?
A) Type I pneumocytes
B) Type II pneumocytes
C) Type III pneumocytes
D) Type IV pneumocytes: A) Type I pneumocytes
3. Two types of pulmonary epithelial cells, what are they?: Type I and Type II pneumocytes
4. Type pneumocytes - flat and form tight junctions that interconnect to the interstitium,
perform gas exchange: I
5. Which type of pneumocytes is more numerous, resistant to oxygen toxicity, and capable of
transforming into Type I pneumocytes?
A) Type I pneumocytes
B) Type II pneumocytes
C) Type III pneumocytes
D) Type IV pneumocytes: B) Type II pneumocytes
6. Type pneumocytes - more numerous, resistant to O2 toxicity, capa- ble of forming
Type I pneumocytes: II
7. production by Type II pneumocytes at 24 weeks gesta- tional age with
sufficient production by 35 weeks gestation: Surfactant
8. At what gestational age do Type II pneumocytes begin producing surfactant, with sufficient
production typically achieved by 35 weeks?
A) 20 weeks
B) 24 weeks
C) 28 weeks
D) 32 weeks: B) 24 weeks
9. Premature infants are prone to due to inade-
quate surfactant levels: respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
10.For which gestational period can betamethasone be administered to preg- nant mothers to
accelerate surfactant production and prevent respiratory distress syndrome at birth?
A) 18-24 weeks
B) 24-30 weeks
C) 24-35 weeks
D) 30-35 weeks: C) 24-35 weeks
11.Which of the following sequences represents the correct stages of lung formation during
embryonic development?
For assistance with assignments contact
, Pediatric Pulmonary Physiology & Airway Anatomy
Questions and Answers 2024
A) Pseudoglandular, Canalicular, Alveolar
B) Alveolar, Canalicular, Pseudoglandular
C) Canalicular, Pseudoglandular, Alveolar
D) Alveolar, Pseudoglandular, Canalicular: A) Pseudo-glandular, Canalicular, Alveolar
12.At what gestational age does the vast majority of alveolarization in the lungs occur, with
completion typically happening by what age?
A) Alveolarization occurs predominantly at 40 weeks gestation and finishes by 6 years old.
B) Alveolarization occurs predominantly at 36 weeks gestation and finishes by 8-10 years old.
C) Alveolarization occurs predominantly at 32 weeks gestation and finishes by 5-7 years old.
D) Alveolarization occurs predominantly at 38 weeks gestation and finishes by 9-11 years old.: B)
Alveolarization occurs predominantly at 36 weeks gestation and finishes by 8-10 years old.
13.Stages of Lung Formation in order: Embryonic 3-6 weeks Pseudo-
glandular 6-16 weeks
Canalicular 16-26 weeks
Saccular 26-36 weeks Alveolar
Adolescence
14.Which substance reduces surface tension at the air-water interface in the alveoli, consequently
preventing collapse at the end of expiration and leading to increased lung compliance?
A) Surfactant
B) Mucus
C) Cilia
D) Albumin: A) Surfactant
15.How does surfactant help minimize the risk of respiratory distress in newborns following
delivery?
A) By increasing the production of mucus
B) By enhancing the activity of cilia
C) By reducing the work of breathing through the reduction of surface tension in the alveoli
D) By promoting the synthesis of albumin in the lungs: C) By reducing the work of breathing
through the reduction of surface tension in the alveoli
16.What physiological changes occur in the neonate's cardiovascular system immediately after
birth, related to the first breath of air and the expulsion of amniotic fluid?
For assistance with assignments contact
