MOTIVATION AND EMOTION
What is motivation?
Motivation is a need or desire that energizes behavior and directs it toward a goal. It is what either
starts or stops behavior. It is the internal and external forces that drive our thoughts, moods, and
behaviors. Motivation is a habitual desire to achieve goals through ones efforts. The desire to excel
or meet some internalized standard of excellence.
Extrinsic Motivation
- Type of motivation in which a person performs an action because it leads to an outcome
that is separate from or external to the person.
Intrinsic Motivation
- Type of motivation in which a person performs an action because the act itself is rewarding
or satisfying in some internal manner.
Different Theories on Motivation
Instinct Theory
- Proposes that organisms are motivated to engage in certain behaviors because of their
genetic programming and because these behaviors lead to success in terms of natural
selection.
- For example, we pursue sex in order to reproduce to propagate the human species. It is an
innate biological need.
Drive Theory
- Aka Drive Reduction or Homeostatic theory. This perspective views behavior as motivated by
the need to reduce internal tension caused by unmet biological needs.
- They work by “negative” feedback, that is one experiences an unpleasant feeling (hunger,
thirst) until you meet the need.
- The brain makes sure the body is kept in balance ( body temperature, fluid levels, energy
supplies, need for rest )
- This balance or optimal state is called homeostasis. This is our natural state. The body does
its best to stay balanced.( hunger, thirst, sex drive, sleep )
Incentive Theory
- States that behavior is motivated by the pull of external (outside ) goals such as rewards.
Types of Motives
Primary Motives
What is motivation?
Motivation is a need or desire that energizes behavior and directs it toward a goal. It is what either
starts or stops behavior. It is the internal and external forces that drive our thoughts, moods, and
behaviors. Motivation is a habitual desire to achieve goals through ones efforts. The desire to excel
or meet some internalized standard of excellence.
Extrinsic Motivation
- Type of motivation in which a person performs an action because it leads to an outcome
that is separate from or external to the person.
Intrinsic Motivation
- Type of motivation in which a person performs an action because the act itself is rewarding
or satisfying in some internal manner.
Different Theories on Motivation
Instinct Theory
- Proposes that organisms are motivated to engage in certain behaviors because of their
genetic programming and because these behaviors lead to success in terms of natural
selection.
- For example, we pursue sex in order to reproduce to propagate the human species. It is an
innate biological need.
Drive Theory
- Aka Drive Reduction or Homeostatic theory. This perspective views behavior as motivated by
the need to reduce internal tension caused by unmet biological needs.
- They work by “negative” feedback, that is one experiences an unpleasant feeling (hunger,
thirst) until you meet the need.
- The brain makes sure the body is kept in balance ( body temperature, fluid levels, energy
supplies, need for rest )
- This balance or optimal state is called homeostasis. This is our natural state. The body does
its best to stay balanced.( hunger, thirst, sex drive, sleep )
Incentive Theory
- States that behavior is motivated by the pull of external (outside ) goals such as rewards.
Types of Motives
Primary Motives
