Leininger Principles of Biochemistry
7th Edition Nelson Test Bank
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - -The major carrier of chemical energy in
all cells.
- Anabolic - -Energy-requiring metabolic pathways that yield complex
molecules from simpler precursors.
- Archaea - -A group of single-celled microorganisms found growing in
extreme environments.
- Bacterial and archaeal cells - -Both consist of a thin bilayer of lipid
molecules penetrated by proteins, with group-specific specializations in
their cell envelope and a layer of peptidoglycan.
- Carbon - -One of the four most abundant elements in living organisms.
- Carbon - -Used in living organisms due to its ability to make four
bonds, form double bonds, and create more preferred geometries when
bonding.
- Cell dimensions - -Limited on the lower end by the minimum number
of biomolecules necessary for function and on the upper end by the rate
of diffusion of solutes such as oxygen.
- Cell dimensions - -Living cells usually have lengths and diameters in
the range of 0.1 μm to 100 μm.
- Centrifugation - -A useful method for fractionating cellular organelles.
- Chemoautotrophs - -Organisms that use inorganic compounds as
energy sources and CO2 as a carbon source.
- Chemoheterotroph - -An organism that requires organic molecules for
growth and energy.
- Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - -The molecule that carries hereditary
information in cells.
- Dynamic steady state - -A state in which a system is in a constant
state of change but maintains a stable overall condition.
- Endosymbiotic association - -Explaining the evolution of eukaryotic
cells capable of carrying out photosynthesis and/or aerobic metabolism
through the engulfing of an aerobic bacterium by a eukaryotic cell.
, - Energy sources - -Phototrophs can use carbon dioxide as a carbon
source, and chemotrophs can use carbon dioxide as an energy source.
- Enzymes - -Biological catalysts that enhance the rate of a reaction by
decreasing the activation energy.
- Eukaryotes - -Organisms with cells containing a true nucleus enclosed
by a nuclear envelope.
- Exothermic - -A chemical reaction that releases heat energy.
- Facultative anaerobe - -An organism that does not require oxygen to
live but will not die if exposed to oxygen.
- Fatty acids - -Longer chains have higher melting points and lower
solubility in water, and those with more double bonds have higher melting
points.
- Fatty acids - -Longer chains have higher melting points, lower
solubility in water, and those with more double bonds have higher melting
points.
- Fatty acids - -Longer chains have higher melting points, lower
solubility in water, and those with more double bonds have higher melting
points.
- Homologues - -Genes or gene products that share detectable
sequence similarity and usually have the same function.
- Jacques Monod's statement - -Suggesting that the principles of E. coli
apply to all living organisms.
- Lipids floating on water - -Due to their nonpolar nature, while water is
polar.
- Lipids floating on water - -Due to their nonpolar nature, while water is
polar.
- Lipids floating on water - -Due to their nonpolar nature, while water is
polar.
- Living organisms - -Able to produce particular chiral forms of different
biomolecules while laboratory chemical synthesis usually produces a
racemic mixture.
- Living organisms - -Described as an open system, maintaining a more-
or-less constant composition, in equilibrium with their surroundings,
7th Edition Nelson Test Bank
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - -The major carrier of chemical energy in
all cells.
- Anabolic - -Energy-requiring metabolic pathways that yield complex
molecules from simpler precursors.
- Archaea - -A group of single-celled microorganisms found growing in
extreme environments.
- Bacterial and archaeal cells - -Both consist of a thin bilayer of lipid
molecules penetrated by proteins, with group-specific specializations in
their cell envelope and a layer of peptidoglycan.
- Carbon - -One of the four most abundant elements in living organisms.
- Carbon - -Used in living organisms due to its ability to make four
bonds, form double bonds, and create more preferred geometries when
bonding.
- Cell dimensions - -Limited on the lower end by the minimum number
of biomolecules necessary for function and on the upper end by the rate
of diffusion of solutes such as oxygen.
- Cell dimensions - -Living cells usually have lengths and diameters in
the range of 0.1 μm to 100 μm.
- Centrifugation - -A useful method for fractionating cellular organelles.
- Chemoautotrophs - -Organisms that use inorganic compounds as
energy sources and CO2 as a carbon source.
- Chemoheterotroph - -An organism that requires organic molecules for
growth and energy.
- Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - -The molecule that carries hereditary
information in cells.
- Dynamic steady state - -A state in which a system is in a constant
state of change but maintains a stable overall condition.
- Endosymbiotic association - -Explaining the evolution of eukaryotic
cells capable of carrying out photosynthesis and/or aerobic metabolism
through the engulfing of an aerobic bacterium by a eukaryotic cell.
, - Energy sources - -Phototrophs can use carbon dioxide as a carbon
source, and chemotrophs can use carbon dioxide as an energy source.
- Enzymes - -Biological catalysts that enhance the rate of a reaction by
decreasing the activation energy.
- Eukaryotes - -Organisms with cells containing a true nucleus enclosed
by a nuclear envelope.
- Exothermic - -A chemical reaction that releases heat energy.
- Facultative anaerobe - -An organism that does not require oxygen to
live but will not die if exposed to oxygen.
- Fatty acids - -Longer chains have higher melting points and lower
solubility in water, and those with more double bonds have higher melting
points.
- Fatty acids - -Longer chains have higher melting points, lower
solubility in water, and those with more double bonds have higher melting
points.
- Fatty acids - -Longer chains have higher melting points, lower
solubility in water, and those with more double bonds have higher melting
points.
- Homologues - -Genes or gene products that share detectable
sequence similarity and usually have the same function.
- Jacques Monod's statement - -Suggesting that the principles of E. coli
apply to all living organisms.
- Lipids floating on water - -Due to their nonpolar nature, while water is
polar.
- Lipids floating on water - -Due to their nonpolar nature, while water is
polar.
- Lipids floating on water - -Due to their nonpolar nature, while water is
polar.
- Living organisms - -Able to produce particular chiral forms of different
biomolecules while laboratory chemical synthesis usually produces a
racemic mixture.
- Living organisms - -Described as an open system, maintaining a more-
or-less constant composition, in equilibrium with their surroundings,
