Final Human Phys Questions and Answers |
Wayne State Human Phys final ch. 6,7,8, and 21 -
free recall (question and answer only)
true endocrine gland of epithelial origin ** Answ** anterior pituitary
How are hormones different from other signaling molecules, such as paracrine or
autocrine signaling molecules? ** Answ** Hormones are secreted into the
bloodstream.
Steroid hormones are synthesized in the ________ of the cell. ** Answ** smooth
endoplasmic reticulum
A new chemical signal is discovered. It is secreted in low concentrations from
keratinocytes in the skin, and it binds to receptors on nearby melanocytes in the skin.
Can this chemical signal be classified as a hormone? ** Answ** No, because it does
not travel to distant targets through the blood
derivatives of tyrosine ** Answ** amino acid-derived hormone
The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and metabolism in many tissues is **
Answ** somatotropin.
Which hormone is NOT an amino acid derivative?
- thyroid
- hormone
- epinephrine
- melatonin
- norepinephrine ** Answ** thyroid-stimulating hormone
Which of the following is a similarity between peptide and steroid hormones?
- Both travel through the blood to bind receptors on target cells.
- Both bind to intracellular receptors.
- Both are lipophilic.
- Both are made from amino acids. ** Answ** Both travel through the blood to bind
receptors on target cells.
Different hormones may interact with each other at a target cell. Which of the following
is NOT considered to be a type of hormone interaction? ** Answ** Transportation
thyroid's primary source ** Answ** calcitonin
,Usually, cytokine binding activates ** Answ** JAK kinase.
Which of the following is a peptide hormone?
- Calcitonin
- Epinephrine
- Melatonin
- Aldosterone ** Answ** Calcitonin
Why do some normal cells fail to respond to a chemical signal? ** Answ** Some
cells lack the appropriate receptors.
What does the mRNA transcript of a peptide hormone code for? ** Answ** The
preprohormone
Which is NOT an example of homeostasis?
- Increased blood pressure in the aorta stimulates mechanisms to lower blood pressure.
- Increased estrogen during the menstrual cycle increases the number of progesterone
receptors in the uterus.
- Increased blood calcium levels stimulates the release of a hormone that lowers blood
calcium levels.
- Decreased body temperature stimulates a neural response that increases body
temperature.
- Increased blood sugar stimulates the release of a hormone from the pancreas that
stimulates the liver to store blood sugar. ** Answ** Increased estrogen during the
menstrual cycle increases the number of progesterone receptors in the uterus.
The most significant difference between a paracrine and an autocrine is the ** Answ**
cell that responds to it.
Naproxen is a COX inhibitor that can decrease pain. Why does this drug have this
effect? ** Answ** It decreases production of prostaglandins.
α-adrenergic receptors have a higher affinity for norepinephrine than for epinephrine. β-
adrenergic receptors have a higher affinity for epinephrine than for norepinephrine.
Which characteristics of receptor function do these statements describe? ** Answ**
Competition
continuously monitors its environment for a specific variable
A. threshold
B. effector
C. integrating center
D. setpoint
E. sensory receptor ** Answ** sensory receptor
, When might negative feedback fail to regulate hormone production, and how would this
affect hormone secretion? ** Answ** A pathology in the endocrine gland could
prevent negative feedback from working, resulting in hypersecretion.
The pituitary hormone that controls hormone synthesis and release from the thyroid
gland is ** Answ** TSH.
Synergism occurs when ** Answ** hormones working together produce a larger
effect than predicted.
Trauma to the anterior pituitary caused secondary hyposecretion of thyroid-stimulating
hormone (TSH). What would you expect to happen to the levels of thyroid-releasing
hormone (TRH) and thyroid hormones (TH)? ** Answ** Increased TRH and
decreased TH
Choose the true statement.
- Steroid hormones are generally made in advance and stored until needed.
- Neurotransmitters are a type of neurohormone.
- Autocrine signals are produced by and act upon the same cell.
- Paracrine signals are used for long-distance communication. ** Answ** Autocrine
signals are produced by and act upon the same cell.
Students performed a laboratory experiment where smelling lavender essential oil
decreased heart rate. The students proposed a reflex pathway that included the central
nervous system activating the parasympathetic nervous system. If chamomile essential
oil activated parasympathetic nervous system signaling more than lavender, which
would you predict? ** Answ** Chamomile decreases heart rate to a greater extent
compared with lavender.
Homeostatic control that takes place at the tissue or cell by using paracrine or autocrine
signals is called ** Answ** local control.
Both insulin and glucagon are peptide hormones that target liver cells. The response of
the target cells to each of these two hormones is opposite. This information implies that
** Answ** The two hormones bind to different cell surface receptors and each of the
two hormones uses a different second messenger.
A new hormone is discovered. Analysis suggests that it is synthesized on demand and
has a long half-life in the bloodstream. It seems to activate gene transcription in its
target cells, though no cell surface receptors can be identified. Which type of hormone
is this most likely to be? ** Answ** Steroid hormone
lipophobic molecule that interacts with receptors on cell surface ** Answ** peptide
hormone
Wayne State Human Phys final ch. 6,7,8, and 21 -
free recall (question and answer only)
true endocrine gland of epithelial origin ** Answ** anterior pituitary
How are hormones different from other signaling molecules, such as paracrine or
autocrine signaling molecules? ** Answ** Hormones are secreted into the
bloodstream.
Steroid hormones are synthesized in the ________ of the cell. ** Answ** smooth
endoplasmic reticulum
A new chemical signal is discovered. It is secreted in low concentrations from
keratinocytes in the skin, and it binds to receptors on nearby melanocytes in the skin.
Can this chemical signal be classified as a hormone? ** Answ** No, because it does
not travel to distant targets through the blood
derivatives of tyrosine ** Answ** amino acid-derived hormone
The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and metabolism in many tissues is **
Answ** somatotropin.
Which hormone is NOT an amino acid derivative?
- thyroid
- hormone
- epinephrine
- melatonin
- norepinephrine ** Answ** thyroid-stimulating hormone
Which of the following is a similarity between peptide and steroid hormones?
- Both travel through the blood to bind receptors on target cells.
- Both bind to intracellular receptors.
- Both are lipophilic.
- Both are made from amino acids. ** Answ** Both travel through the blood to bind
receptors on target cells.
Different hormones may interact with each other at a target cell. Which of the following
is NOT considered to be a type of hormone interaction? ** Answ** Transportation
thyroid's primary source ** Answ** calcitonin
,Usually, cytokine binding activates ** Answ** JAK kinase.
Which of the following is a peptide hormone?
- Calcitonin
- Epinephrine
- Melatonin
- Aldosterone ** Answ** Calcitonin
Why do some normal cells fail to respond to a chemical signal? ** Answ** Some
cells lack the appropriate receptors.
What does the mRNA transcript of a peptide hormone code for? ** Answ** The
preprohormone
Which is NOT an example of homeostasis?
- Increased blood pressure in the aorta stimulates mechanisms to lower blood pressure.
- Increased estrogen during the menstrual cycle increases the number of progesterone
receptors in the uterus.
- Increased blood calcium levels stimulates the release of a hormone that lowers blood
calcium levels.
- Decreased body temperature stimulates a neural response that increases body
temperature.
- Increased blood sugar stimulates the release of a hormone from the pancreas that
stimulates the liver to store blood sugar. ** Answ** Increased estrogen during the
menstrual cycle increases the number of progesterone receptors in the uterus.
The most significant difference between a paracrine and an autocrine is the ** Answ**
cell that responds to it.
Naproxen is a COX inhibitor that can decrease pain. Why does this drug have this
effect? ** Answ** It decreases production of prostaglandins.
α-adrenergic receptors have a higher affinity for norepinephrine than for epinephrine. β-
adrenergic receptors have a higher affinity for epinephrine than for norepinephrine.
Which characteristics of receptor function do these statements describe? ** Answ**
Competition
continuously monitors its environment for a specific variable
A. threshold
B. effector
C. integrating center
D. setpoint
E. sensory receptor ** Answ** sensory receptor
, When might negative feedback fail to regulate hormone production, and how would this
affect hormone secretion? ** Answ** A pathology in the endocrine gland could
prevent negative feedback from working, resulting in hypersecretion.
The pituitary hormone that controls hormone synthesis and release from the thyroid
gland is ** Answ** TSH.
Synergism occurs when ** Answ** hormones working together produce a larger
effect than predicted.
Trauma to the anterior pituitary caused secondary hyposecretion of thyroid-stimulating
hormone (TSH). What would you expect to happen to the levels of thyroid-releasing
hormone (TRH) and thyroid hormones (TH)? ** Answ** Increased TRH and
decreased TH
Choose the true statement.
- Steroid hormones are generally made in advance and stored until needed.
- Neurotransmitters are a type of neurohormone.
- Autocrine signals are produced by and act upon the same cell.
- Paracrine signals are used for long-distance communication. ** Answ** Autocrine
signals are produced by and act upon the same cell.
Students performed a laboratory experiment where smelling lavender essential oil
decreased heart rate. The students proposed a reflex pathway that included the central
nervous system activating the parasympathetic nervous system. If chamomile essential
oil activated parasympathetic nervous system signaling more than lavender, which
would you predict? ** Answ** Chamomile decreases heart rate to a greater extent
compared with lavender.
Homeostatic control that takes place at the tissue or cell by using paracrine or autocrine
signals is called ** Answ** local control.
Both insulin and glucagon are peptide hormones that target liver cells. The response of
the target cells to each of these two hormones is opposite. This information implies that
** Answ** The two hormones bind to different cell surface receptors and each of the
two hormones uses a different second messenger.
A new hormone is discovered. Analysis suggests that it is synthesized on demand and
has a long half-life in the bloodstream. It seems to activate gene transcription in its
target cells, though no cell surface receptors can be identified. Which type of hormone
is this most likely to be? ** Answ** Steroid hormone
lipophobic molecule that interacts with receptors on cell surface ** Answ** peptide
hormone
