Protein Synthesis and gene expression test Review Questions with Answers
mRNA - correct answers-messenger RNA
-copy of one gene
-made from a DNA template (transcription)
-template for making a protein (translation)
tRNA - correct answers-transfer RNA
-helps assemble the protein by reading the mRNA
Transcription - correct answersa particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA by the enzyme RNA
polymerase
RNA has ___ instead of thymine - correct answersUracil
___ are the removed segments from RNA - correct answersIntrons
mRNA leaves the nucleus to find a ____ - correct answersribosome
Transcription from DNA to mRNA occurs in the ___ of the eukaryotes - correct answersnucleus
Translation - correct answersa particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA by the enzyme RNA
polymerase.mRNA to proteins
Each tRNA binds to a specific sequence of 3 bases called a ___ - correct answerscodon
Translation from mRNA to proteins occurs on ribosomes in the ___ of the cell - correct
answerscytoplasm
Codon - correct answersthree nucleotide/base code for an amino acid on mRNA
, Anticodon - correct answers3 nucleotide/base code for an amino acid on tRNA.
The genetic code is redundant but not ambiguous. In most cases, a single amino acid is coded for by
multiple codons but any given codons codes for only ___ amino acid - correct answersone
RNA polymerase - correct answersunzips the DNA at the gene during transcription, and synthesizes RNA
by reading the template strand and adding the complementary RNA strand
Initiation promoter region - correct answersA promoter is a region of DNA that intiates transcription of a
particular gene. Promoters are located near the Transcription Start Sites of genes, on the same strand
adn upstream on the DNA (toward the 3' region, also called the template strand and non-coding strand).
Elongation - correct answersthe stepwise addition of amino acids to the growing protein chain. The
order of amino acids is specified by the sequence of codons in the mRNA
5'Cap and Poly-A Tail - correct answers-Both find the right place to begin translation
-5' cap tells the nucleus the mRNA is able to leave the nucleus
-5' cap prevents the work of enzymes that degrade RNA
-Poly-A tail acts like a wall, enzymes wear away at it trying to reach the rest of the mRNA.
-Poly-A tail also helps the ribosomal protein itself with regards to the mRNA during translation
Introns - correct answersA segments of DNA or RNA that does not code for proteins and interrupts the
sequence of genes
Exons - correct answersA segments of DNA or RNA molecule containing info coding for a protein or
peptide sequence
charged tRNA - correct answersamino acid is attached. Reads the codon of mRNA during translation
uncharged tRNA - correct answersno amino acid is attached. Mischarged means the wrong amino acid is
attached. If the wrong amino acid is attached there may be low levels with can cause misfolded proteins
mRNA - correct answers-messenger RNA
-copy of one gene
-made from a DNA template (transcription)
-template for making a protein (translation)
tRNA - correct answers-transfer RNA
-helps assemble the protein by reading the mRNA
Transcription - correct answersa particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA by the enzyme RNA
polymerase
RNA has ___ instead of thymine - correct answersUracil
___ are the removed segments from RNA - correct answersIntrons
mRNA leaves the nucleus to find a ____ - correct answersribosome
Transcription from DNA to mRNA occurs in the ___ of the eukaryotes - correct answersnucleus
Translation - correct answersa particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA by the enzyme RNA
polymerase.mRNA to proteins
Each tRNA binds to a specific sequence of 3 bases called a ___ - correct answerscodon
Translation from mRNA to proteins occurs on ribosomes in the ___ of the cell - correct
answerscytoplasm
Codon - correct answersthree nucleotide/base code for an amino acid on mRNA
, Anticodon - correct answers3 nucleotide/base code for an amino acid on tRNA.
The genetic code is redundant but not ambiguous. In most cases, a single amino acid is coded for by
multiple codons but any given codons codes for only ___ amino acid - correct answersone
RNA polymerase - correct answersunzips the DNA at the gene during transcription, and synthesizes RNA
by reading the template strand and adding the complementary RNA strand
Initiation promoter region - correct answersA promoter is a region of DNA that intiates transcription of a
particular gene. Promoters are located near the Transcription Start Sites of genes, on the same strand
adn upstream on the DNA (toward the 3' region, also called the template strand and non-coding strand).
Elongation - correct answersthe stepwise addition of amino acids to the growing protein chain. The
order of amino acids is specified by the sequence of codons in the mRNA
5'Cap and Poly-A Tail - correct answers-Both find the right place to begin translation
-5' cap tells the nucleus the mRNA is able to leave the nucleus
-5' cap prevents the work of enzymes that degrade RNA
-Poly-A tail acts like a wall, enzymes wear away at it trying to reach the rest of the mRNA.
-Poly-A tail also helps the ribosomal protein itself with regards to the mRNA during translation
Introns - correct answersA segments of DNA or RNA that does not code for proteins and interrupts the
sequence of genes
Exons - correct answersA segments of DNA or RNA molecule containing info coding for a protein or
peptide sequence
charged tRNA - correct answersamino acid is attached. Reads the codon of mRNA during translation
uncharged tRNA - correct answersno amino acid is attached. Mischarged means the wrong amino acid is
attached. If the wrong amino acid is attached there may be low levels with can cause misfolded proteins
