BIO 360 Final Exam Review 2024
The primary force behind blood flow is __________.
simple diffusion
elasticity of large arteries
resistance to blood flow
the blood pressure gradient ** Answ** the blood pressure gradient
Vasodilation in skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue results from the signal molecule
_____ binding to ______ receptors. (In other target organs, this molecule causes
vasoconstriction. Look it up once to get the idea that the receptor subtype defines the
response, not the signaling molecule alone.)
acetylcholine; alpha
acetylcholine; beta 2
epinephrine; alpha
epinephrine; beta 2 ** Answ** epinephrine; beta 2
Parasympathetic stimulation results in vasodilation in _________. (This is sort of a
misleading question because parasympathetic stimulation generally has NO effect on
arteriole diameter. However there is an interesting exception!)
the genitals
the skin
the kidneys
skeletal muscle ** Answ** the genitals
During moderately strenuous exercise there is a huge increase in cardiac output (up to
7-fold in trained athletes!) and a dramatic redistibution of blood flow to individual organs.
Which of the following accurately describes changes in blood flow during exercise,
compared to blood flow at rest? There's no easy way to express this variable, so please
read the answers carefully. There may be more than one correct answer.
blood flow to cardiac muscle remains constant
pronounced decrease in overall blood flow to the brain
decreased % of cardiac output to the brain but little change in the amount of blood
reaching the brain
Contact for help with assignments .
,an overall increase in blood flow to the skin per minute
as much as 20-fold increase in overall blood flow to skeletal muscle in trained athletes
an overall decrease in blood flow to the skin per minute
pronounced increase in overall blood flow to the brain
widespread vasodilation of a ** Answ** decreased % of cardiac output to the brain
but little change in the amount of blood reaching the brain
an overall increase in blood flow to the skin per minute
as much as 20-fold increase in overall blood flow to skeletal muscle in trained athletes
widespread vasodilation of arterioles in exercising skeletal muscles leading to a large
drop in total peripheral resistance
vasoconstriction of arterioles feeding liver and digestive tract leading to an overall
decrease in blood flow t
What happens to blood pressure during exercise?
It increases greatly because cardiac output increases and vasoconstriction in inactive
organs raises blood pressure directly.
It decreases greatly because vasodilation in skeletal muscles and heart tissue more
than offsets factors that increase blood pressure.
It decreases slightly; some cardiovascular changes promote a decrease while others
promote an increase.
It increases slightly; some cardiovascular changes promote an increase while others
promote a decrease. ** Answ** It increases slightly; some cardiovascular changes
promote an increase while others promote a decrease.
Which factor promotes vasodilation in exercising skeletal muscle?
increased acid production
decreased carbon dioxide production resulting from decreased oxygen availability
increased oxygen as cardiac output increases
decreased temperature as sweat evaporates ** Answ** increased acid production
A large decrease in resistance is seen in the blood vessels supplying working skeletal
muscle during exercise. What is the implication of this exercise effect?
decreased mean arterial pressure (MAP) during exercise
increased blood flow to working muscles
increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) during exercise
Contact for help with assignments .
, decreased systolic pressure (SBP) during exercise ** Answ** increased blood flow
to working muscles
What prevents the dramatic increase in venous return that occurs during exercise from
damaging the cardiac myocytes?
The pericardium acts as a limit on the amount of stretch.
The increased heart rate limits filling time.
Venous return is not sufficient to stretch the heart very much.
The exercise demand on the heart causes it to stiffen, preventing overstretch. **
Answ** The increased heart rate limits filling time
Select the statements about blood pressure regulation that are true? This is a like drill.
More than one statement is true.
long-term regulation of MAP is primarily due to changes in blood volume
increases in CO2 and decreases in O2 around arterioles in active muscle will produce
vasodilation
parasympathetic activity at synapses with arteriolar smooth muscle is a primary means
of regulating MAP
during the gain in adipose (fat) tissue associated with obesity, the overall length of blood
vessels in the systemic circuit increases; this would tend to decrease MAP
increased activity of the skeletal and respiratory pumps during exercise tends to
increase stroke volume
decreased vagal nerve activity at the SA node will tend to increase cardiac output and
MAP
in response to a sudden decrease in MAP, paraympathetic activity will be decreased
and sympathetic actitity increased
the sympathetic NS is an importa ** Answ** long-term regulation of MAP is primarily
due to changes in blood volume
increases in CO2 and decreases in O2 around arterioles in active muscle will produce
vasodilation
increased activity of the skeletal and respiratory pumps during exercise tends to
increase stroke volume
decreased vagal nerve activity at the SA node will tend to increase cardiac output and
MAP
Contact for help with assignments .
The primary force behind blood flow is __________.
simple diffusion
elasticity of large arteries
resistance to blood flow
the blood pressure gradient ** Answ** the blood pressure gradient
Vasodilation in skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue results from the signal molecule
_____ binding to ______ receptors. (In other target organs, this molecule causes
vasoconstriction. Look it up once to get the idea that the receptor subtype defines the
response, not the signaling molecule alone.)
acetylcholine; alpha
acetylcholine; beta 2
epinephrine; alpha
epinephrine; beta 2 ** Answ** epinephrine; beta 2
Parasympathetic stimulation results in vasodilation in _________. (This is sort of a
misleading question because parasympathetic stimulation generally has NO effect on
arteriole diameter. However there is an interesting exception!)
the genitals
the skin
the kidneys
skeletal muscle ** Answ** the genitals
During moderately strenuous exercise there is a huge increase in cardiac output (up to
7-fold in trained athletes!) and a dramatic redistibution of blood flow to individual organs.
Which of the following accurately describes changes in blood flow during exercise,
compared to blood flow at rest? There's no easy way to express this variable, so please
read the answers carefully. There may be more than one correct answer.
blood flow to cardiac muscle remains constant
pronounced decrease in overall blood flow to the brain
decreased % of cardiac output to the brain but little change in the amount of blood
reaching the brain
Contact for help with assignments .
,an overall increase in blood flow to the skin per minute
as much as 20-fold increase in overall blood flow to skeletal muscle in trained athletes
an overall decrease in blood flow to the skin per minute
pronounced increase in overall blood flow to the brain
widespread vasodilation of a ** Answ** decreased % of cardiac output to the brain
but little change in the amount of blood reaching the brain
an overall increase in blood flow to the skin per minute
as much as 20-fold increase in overall blood flow to skeletal muscle in trained athletes
widespread vasodilation of arterioles in exercising skeletal muscles leading to a large
drop in total peripheral resistance
vasoconstriction of arterioles feeding liver and digestive tract leading to an overall
decrease in blood flow t
What happens to blood pressure during exercise?
It increases greatly because cardiac output increases and vasoconstriction in inactive
organs raises blood pressure directly.
It decreases greatly because vasodilation in skeletal muscles and heart tissue more
than offsets factors that increase blood pressure.
It decreases slightly; some cardiovascular changes promote a decrease while others
promote an increase.
It increases slightly; some cardiovascular changes promote an increase while others
promote a decrease. ** Answ** It increases slightly; some cardiovascular changes
promote an increase while others promote a decrease.
Which factor promotes vasodilation in exercising skeletal muscle?
increased acid production
decreased carbon dioxide production resulting from decreased oxygen availability
increased oxygen as cardiac output increases
decreased temperature as sweat evaporates ** Answ** increased acid production
A large decrease in resistance is seen in the blood vessels supplying working skeletal
muscle during exercise. What is the implication of this exercise effect?
decreased mean arterial pressure (MAP) during exercise
increased blood flow to working muscles
increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) during exercise
Contact for help with assignments .
, decreased systolic pressure (SBP) during exercise ** Answ** increased blood flow
to working muscles
What prevents the dramatic increase in venous return that occurs during exercise from
damaging the cardiac myocytes?
The pericardium acts as a limit on the amount of stretch.
The increased heart rate limits filling time.
Venous return is not sufficient to stretch the heart very much.
The exercise demand on the heart causes it to stiffen, preventing overstretch. **
Answ** The increased heart rate limits filling time
Select the statements about blood pressure regulation that are true? This is a like drill.
More than one statement is true.
long-term regulation of MAP is primarily due to changes in blood volume
increases in CO2 and decreases in O2 around arterioles in active muscle will produce
vasodilation
parasympathetic activity at synapses with arteriolar smooth muscle is a primary means
of regulating MAP
during the gain in adipose (fat) tissue associated with obesity, the overall length of blood
vessels in the systemic circuit increases; this would tend to decrease MAP
increased activity of the skeletal and respiratory pumps during exercise tends to
increase stroke volume
decreased vagal nerve activity at the SA node will tend to increase cardiac output and
MAP
in response to a sudden decrease in MAP, paraympathetic activity will be decreased
and sympathetic actitity increased
the sympathetic NS is an importa ** Answ** long-term regulation of MAP is primarily
due to changes in blood volume
increases in CO2 and decreases in O2 around arterioles in active muscle will produce
vasodilation
increased activity of the skeletal and respiratory pumps during exercise tends to
increase stroke volume
decreased vagal nerve activity at the SA node will tend to increase cardiac output and
MAP
Contact for help with assignments .
