A&P11 (Exam 3Review )| 2024 Review| Approved
Function of the kidneys? ** Answ** Form urine and transport it to ureters
Glycogenesis
Function of the ureter?
Histology? ** Answ** Transport urine from kidneys to the bladder via peristalsis
Smooth muscle
Function of the urinary bladder?
Histology? ** Answ** Stores urine
Smooth muscle
Function of the urethra?
Hisology? ** Answ** Transports urine from bladder to outside of the body
Smooth muscle
What do kidneys produce? What happens in response to this release? ** Answ**
EPO, tells renin to produce RBC, renin triggers RBC production
Where are the kidneys located? ** Answ** retroperitoneal cavity behind digestive
organs
Which kidney is lower and why? ** Answ** Left because of the liver
Renal arteries are responsible for? ** Answ** Bringing blood supply directly in
Required to "clean" blood
Function of sympathetic nerves in kidneys? ** Answ** Reduce blood flow during
extreme stress or shock during stressful activities
Path of blood through the glomerulus? ** Answ** Enter: afferent arterioles
Filter in the glomerulus
Sends out stuff that was caught in the filter- efferent arteriole
Function and location of peritubular capillaries? ** Answ** Function: absorb filtered
"stuff" and sends it back into blood
Location: Branches off efferent arterioles
How many nephrons are there in one kidney? ** Answ** 1 million
What are the nephron segments? ** Answ** Renal corpuscle (glomerulus +
glomerular capsule)
PCT
, Loop of Henle
DCT
Collecting duct
Three phases of urine formation in nephron? ** Answ** Glomerular filtration
Tubular reabsorption- Bring things back in
Tubular secretion- kick things out
What is responsible for glomerular filtration? What does it filter? ** Answ** Filters
blood plasma by the glomerular capillaries
How do filtrate and plasma differ? ** Answ** Filtrate lacks large proteins
What drives glomerular filtration? ** Answ** hydrostatic pressure
BP as it enters glomerulus
Discuss the RAAS system? ** Answ** Angiotensinogen comes from the liver and
needs to be activate when we need it, activated to angiotensin by renin
RAAS regulates blood pressure through blood volume
Where is aldosterone released from?
Function? ** Answ** Released from the adrenal glands
Causes Na+ reabsorption= H20 reabsorption
Increases BP
Where is ADH released from?
Function? ** Answ** Released from pituitary gland
Acts on collecting duct to cause water reabsorption and prevent blood dehydration
Inhibited by alcohol
Role of ADH in nephron ** Answ** binds to collecting duct and promotes
reabsorption of water back into circulation
Role of aldosterone during urine formation? ** Answ** Renin talks to aldosterone to
be released, aldosterone allows for sodium and water retention which increases blood
pressure
What causes an amber color of urine? ** Answ** Vitamins, drugs, and diets
Urochrome pigment
What causes an acidic odor of urine? ** Answ** Develops ammonia odor upon
standing
Altered by some drugs or vegetables
Normal pH of urine. Why? ** Answ** 4.5-8.0
Wide range may prevent kidney stones
Function of the kidneys? ** Answ** Form urine and transport it to ureters
Glycogenesis
Function of the ureter?
Histology? ** Answ** Transport urine from kidneys to the bladder via peristalsis
Smooth muscle
Function of the urinary bladder?
Histology? ** Answ** Stores urine
Smooth muscle
Function of the urethra?
Hisology? ** Answ** Transports urine from bladder to outside of the body
Smooth muscle
What do kidneys produce? What happens in response to this release? ** Answ**
EPO, tells renin to produce RBC, renin triggers RBC production
Where are the kidneys located? ** Answ** retroperitoneal cavity behind digestive
organs
Which kidney is lower and why? ** Answ** Left because of the liver
Renal arteries are responsible for? ** Answ** Bringing blood supply directly in
Required to "clean" blood
Function of sympathetic nerves in kidneys? ** Answ** Reduce blood flow during
extreme stress or shock during stressful activities
Path of blood through the glomerulus? ** Answ** Enter: afferent arterioles
Filter in the glomerulus
Sends out stuff that was caught in the filter- efferent arteriole
Function and location of peritubular capillaries? ** Answ** Function: absorb filtered
"stuff" and sends it back into blood
Location: Branches off efferent arterioles
How many nephrons are there in one kidney? ** Answ** 1 million
What are the nephron segments? ** Answ** Renal corpuscle (glomerulus +
glomerular capsule)
PCT
, Loop of Henle
DCT
Collecting duct
Three phases of urine formation in nephron? ** Answ** Glomerular filtration
Tubular reabsorption- Bring things back in
Tubular secretion- kick things out
What is responsible for glomerular filtration? What does it filter? ** Answ** Filters
blood plasma by the glomerular capillaries
How do filtrate and plasma differ? ** Answ** Filtrate lacks large proteins
What drives glomerular filtration? ** Answ** hydrostatic pressure
BP as it enters glomerulus
Discuss the RAAS system? ** Answ** Angiotensinogen comes from the liver and
needs to be activate when we need it, activated to angiotensin by renin
RAAS regulates blood pressure through blood volume
Where is aldosterone released from?
Function? ** Answ** Released from the adrenal glands
Causes Na+ reabsorption= H20 reabsorption
Increases BP
Where is ADH released from?
Function? ** Answ** Released from pituitary gland
Acts on collecting duct to cause water reabsorption and prevent blood dehydration
Inhibited by alcohol
Role of ADH in nephron ** Answ** binds to collecting duct and promotes
reabsorption of water back into circulation
Role of aldosterone during urine formation? ** Answ** Renin talks to aldosterone to
be released, aldosterone allows for sodium and water retention which increases blood
pressure
What causes an amber color of urine? ** Answ** Vitamins, drugs, and diets
Urochrome pigment
What causes an acidic odor of urine? ** Answ** Develops ammonia odor upon
standing
Altered by some drugs or vegetables
Normal pH of urine. Why? ** Answ** 4.5-8.0
Wide range may prevent kidney stones
