Human Phys - Exam Three Lab Content|2024 review
1.What is spirometry?: Measurement of pulmonary volumes and rate of
expired airflow.
2.What is vital capacity?: Maximum air movement during one deep
inspiration and one deep expiration.
3.How fast you can move air in/out is based on what two factors?: FVC
and FEV1.0
4.What is forced expiratory volume (FEV)?: Amount of gas expelled
during specific time intervals of FVC.
5.An obstructive disease prevents the patient from exhaling forcefully, but
their volume capacity is the same. How does this effect their FEV/FVC?: It
is low
6.A restrictive disease prevents you from inhaling/exhaling deeply,
resulting in small volumes. How does this effect the FEV/FVC?: Since both
volumes are decreased, the ratio is normal.
7.Obstructive diseases cause an RV.: increased
8.What occurred during the maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) test?:
The subject breathed as deeply and rapidly as possible.
9. How do you calculate MVV?: MVV = AVE(volume) x RR/minute
10.We compared MVV with the general population by using what: Our
body surface area
11.Which increases more with exercise, tidal volume or respiratory rate?: -
Should be tidal volume if the individual is fit.
12.What is the reflex arc for breathing control?: Chemoreceptors -->
Afferent nerve --> Medulla --> Efferent (Phrenic Nerve) --> Diaphragm
13.Central chemoreceptors are primarily stimulated by:: pH
14.Peripheral chemoreceptors are primarily stimulated by:: Co2 (also pH
and O2)
15.What is the equation for molecules in the blood stream due to breathing?
: CO2 + H2O <--> H+ + HCO3-
16.Which has the greater impact on breathing: oxygen or carbon dioxide?: -
carbon dioxide
17.What can cross the blood brain barrier?: CO2
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, Human Phys - Exam Three Lab Content|2024 review
18.If respiration is increased so the lungs rid the body of carbon dioxide
faster than it is being produced, body fluid pH will become elevated, this
is called:: respiratory alkalosis.
19.The temporary cessation of breathing after voluntary hyperventilation
is known as:: apnea vera
20. If carbon dioxide builds up in bodily fluids (due to hypoventilation)
because the lungs fail to remove cardon dioxide as rapidly as it is being
formed, a net gain of hydrogen ions form, and this is called:: respiratory
acidosis.
21.What variables did we test our urine for?: Time of sample, volume,
minutes from last void, rate of formation, specific gravity, pH, glucose,
protein.
22.How did we determine chloride concentration?: Took 10 drops of
urine, added one drop of 20% potassium chromate solution, added
drops of 2.9% silver nitrate solution until the solution turned brick red.
(number of drops) x 61 mgCl x 0.28 = mEq/L of chloride.
23.How did we calculate solids in urine sample?: Last two digits of
specific gravity x 2.66 = solids in g/L.
Solids/sample: g/L x volume of sample
24.Why does sugar end up in urine in a diabetic?: Diabetes causes
glycosuria because there either isn't enough insulin, or your body can't
use what's available. WIthout insulin, blood glucose levels become too
high, and your kidneys can't filter and reabsorb it. Your body gets rid of
the excess through your urine.
25.Excess water in bloodstream results in:: low osmolarity and increased
blood volume
26.Increased blood volume leads to:: increased venous return and stretch
of the atrium causing the release of ANP.
27.Increased blood volume and a decrease in osmolarity leads to a
decrease in:: ADH
28.An increase in ANP leads to a decrease in reabsorption: Na+
29.Explain what happens when there is an excess of salt in the
bloodstream.-
: There is no change in volume, but increased osmolarity. Thus, ADH is
secreted and the thirst reflux is activated. ADH secretion increases wate
reabsorption, and increased thirst increases water intake. With the
kidneys working to conserve water and more water coming in,
Contact for help with assignments .
1.What is spirometry?: Measurement of pulmonary volumes and rate of
expired airflow.
2.What is vital capacity?: Maximum air movement during one deep
inspiration and one deep expiration.
3.How fast you can move air in/out is based on what two factors?: FVC
and FEV1.0
4.What is forced expiratory volume (FEV)?: Amount of gas expelled
during specific time intervals of FVC.
5.An obstructive disease prevents the patient from exhaling forcefully, but
their volume capacity is the same. How does this effect their FEV/FVC?: It
is low
6.A restrictive disease prevents you from inhaling/exhaling deeply,
resulting in small volumes. How does this effect the FEV/FVC?: Since both
volumes are decreased, the ratio is normal.
7.Obstructive diseases cause an RV.: increased
8.What occurred during the maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) test?:
The subject breathed as deeply and rapidly as possible.
9. How do you calculate MVV?: MVV = AVE(volume) x RR/minute
10.We compared MVV with the general population by using what: Our
body surface area
11.Which increases more with exercise, tidal volume or respiratory rate?: -
Should be tidal volume if the individual is fit.
12.What is the reflex arc for breathing control?: Chemoreceptors -->
Afferent nerve --> Medulla --> Efferent (Phrenic Nerve) --> Diaphragm
13.Central chemoreceptors are primarily stimulated by:: pH
14.Peripheral chemoreceptors are primarily stimulated by:: Co2 (also pH
and O2)
15.What is the equation for molecules in the blood stream due to breathing?
: CO2 + H2O <--> H+ + HCO3-
16.Which has the greater impact on breathing: oxygen or carbon dioxide?: -
carbon dioxide
17.What can cross the blood brain barrier?: CO2
Contact for help with assignments .
, Human Phys - Exam Three Lab Content|2024 review
18.If respiration is increased so the lungs rid the body of carbon dioxide
faster than it is being produced, body fluid pH will become elevated, this
is called:: respiratory alkalosis.
19.The temporary cessation of breathing after voluntary hyperventilation
is known as:: apnea vera
20. If carbon dioxide builds up in bodily fluids (due to hypoventilation)
because the lungs fail to remove cardon dioxide as rapidly as it is being
formed, a net gain of hydrogen ions form, and this is called:: respiratory
acidosis.
21.What variables did we test our urine for?: Time of sample, volume,
minutes from last void, rate of formation, specific gravity, pH, glucose,
protein.
22.How did we determine chloride concentration?: Took 10 drops of
urine, added one drop of 20% potassium chromate solution, added
drops of 2.9% silver nitrate solution until the solution turned brick red.
(number of drops) x 61 mgCl x 0.28 = mEq/L of chloride.
23.How did we calculate solids in urine sample?: Last two digits of
specific gravity x 2.66 = solids in g/L.
Solids/sample: g/L x volume of sample
24.Why does sugar end up in urine in a diabetic?: Diabetes causes
glycosuria because there either isn't enough insulin, or your body can't
use what's available. WIthout insulin, blood glucose levels become too
high, and your kidneys can't filter and reabsorb it. Your body gets rid of
the excess through your urine.
25.Excess water in bloodstream results in:: low osmolarity and increased
blood volume
26.Increased blood volume leads to:: increased venous return and stretch
of the atrium causing the release of ANP.
27.Increased blood volume and a decrease in osmolarity leads to a
decrease in:: ADH
28.An increase in ANP leads to a decrease in reabsorption: Na+
29.Explain what happens when there is an excess of salt in the
bloodstream.-
: There is no change in volume, but increased osmolarity. Thus, ADH is
secreted and the thirst reflux is activated. ADH secretion increases wate
reabsorption, and increased thirst increases water intake. With the
kidneys working to conserve water and more water coming in,
Contact for help with assignments .
