BCA
HTML
Topics:-
• Introduction
• HTML Version
• Features of HTML
• HTML Heading
• HTML All Tags
Introduction
What is HTML
HTML is an acronym which stands for Hyper Text Markup Language which is used for creating web pages and
web applications. Let's see what is meant by Hypertext Markup Language, and Web page.
Hyper Text: HyperText simply means "Text within Text." A text has a link within it, is a hypertext. Whenever you
click on a link which brings you to a new webpage, you have clicked on a hypertext. HyperText is a way to link two
or more web pages (HTML documents) with each other.
Markup language: A markup language is a computer language that is used to apply layout and formatting
conventions to a text document. Markup language makes text more interactive and dynamic. It can turn text into
images, tables, links, etc.
Web Page: A web page is a document which is commonly written in HTML and translated by a web browser. A
web page can be identified by entering an URL. A Web page can be of the static or dynamic type. With the help of
HTML only, we can create static web pages.
Hence, HTML is a markup language which is used for creating attractive web pages with the help of styling, and
which looks in a nice format on a web browser. An HTML document is made of many HTML tags and each HTML
tag contains different content.
Let's see a simple example of HTML.
1. <!DOCTYPE>
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. <title>Web page title</title>
5. </head>
6. <body>
7. <h1>Write Your First Heading</h1>
8. <p>Write Your First Paragraph.</p>
9. </body>
10. </html>
,Description of HTML Example
<!DOCTYPE>: It defines the document type or it instruct the browser about the version of HTML.
<html > :This tag informs the browser that it is an HTML document. Text between html tag describes the web
document. It is a container for all other elements of HTML except <!DOCTYPE>
<head>: It should be the first element inside the <html> element, which contains the metadata(information about
the document). It must be closed before the body tag opens.
<title>: As its name suggested, it is used to add title of that HTML page which appears at the top of the browser
window. It must be placed inside the head tag and should close immediately. (Optional)
<body> : Text between body tag describes the body content of the page that is visible to the end user. This tag
contains the main content of the HTML document.
<h1> : Text between <h1> tag describes the first level heading of the webpage.
<p> : Text between <p> tag describes the paragraph of the webpage.
Brief History of HTML
In the late 1980's , a physicist, Tim Berners-Lee who was a contractor at CERN, proposed a system for CERN
researchers. In 1989, he wrote a memo proposing an internet based hypertext system.
Tim Berners-Lee is known as the father of HTML. The first available description of HTML was a document called
"HTML Tags" proposed by Tim in late 1991. The latest version of HTML is HTML5, which we will learn later in
this tutorial.
HTML Versions
Since the time HTML was invented there are lots of HTML versions in market, the brief introduction about the
HTML version is given below:
HTML 1.0: The first version of HTML was 1.0, which was the barebones version of HTML language, and it was
released in1991.
HTML 2.0: This was the next version which was released in 1995, and it was standard language version for website
design. HTML 2.0 was able to support extra features such as form-based file upload, form elements such as text box,
option button, etc.
HTML 3.2: HTML 3.2 version was published by W3C in early 1997. This version was capable of creating tables
and providing support for extra options for form elements. It can also support a web page with complex
mathematical equations. It became an official standard for any browser till January 1997. Today it is practically
supported by most of the browsers.
HTML 4.01: HTML 4.01 version was released on December 1999, and it is a very stable version of HTML
language. This version is the current official standard, and it provides added support for stylesheets (CSS) and
scripting ability for various multimedia elements.
HTML5 : HTML5 is the newest version of HyperText Markup language. The first draft of this version was
announced in January 2008. There are two major organizations one is W3C (World Wide Web Consortium), and
another one is WHATWG( Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group) which are involved in the
development of HTML 5 version, and still, it is under development.
, Features of HTML
1) It is a very easy and simple language. It can be easily understood and modified.
2) It is very easy to make an effective presentation with HTML because it has a lot of formatting tags.
3) It is a markup language, so it provides a flexible way to design web pages along with the text.
4) It facilitates programmers to add a link on the web pages (by html anchor tag), so it enhances the interest of
browsing of the user.
5) It is platform-independent because it can be displayed on any platform like Windows, Linux, and Macintosh,
etc.
6) It facilitates the programmer to add Graphics, Videos, and Sound to the web pages which makes it more
attractive and interactive.
7) HTML is a case-insensitive language, which means we can use tags either in lower-case or upper-case.
HTML <!DOCTYPE> tag
On the HTML document you have often seen that there is a <!DOCTYPE html> declaration before the <html> tag.
HTML <!DOCTYPE> tag is used to inform the browser about the version of HTML used in the document. It is
called as the document type declaration (DTD).
Technically <!DOCTYPE > is not a tag/element, it just an instruction to the browser about the document type. It is a
null element which does not contain the closing tag, and must not include any content within it.
Actually, there are many type of HTML e.g. HTML 4.01 Strict, HTML 4.01 Transitional, HTML 4.01 Frameset,
XHTML 1.0 Strict, XHTML 1.0 Transitional, XHTML 1.0 Frameset, XHTML 1.1 etc.
The doctype declaration differs between HTML versions. The HTML 5 doctype declaration is given below.
Syntax
<!DOCTYPE html>
Following are some specifications about the HTML <!DOCTYPE>
Display None
Start tag/End tag Start tag only
Usage Structural
Let's see an example of HTML document with doctype declaration.
1. <!DOCTYPE html>
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. <title>This is the title</title>
5. </head>
HTML
Topics:-
• Introduction
• HTML Version
• Features of HTML
• HTML Heading
• HTML All Tags
Introduction
What is HTML
HTML is an acronym which stands for Hyper Text Markup Language which is used for creating web pages and
web applications. Let's see what is meant by Hypertext Markup Language, and Web page.
Hyper Text: HyperText simply means "Text within Text." A text has a link within it, is a hypertext. Whenever you
click on a link which brings you to a new webpage, you have clicked on a hypertext. HyperText is a way to link two
or more web pages (HTML documents) with each other.
Markup language: A markup language is a computer language that is used to apply layout and formatting
conventions to a text document. Markup language makes text more interactive and dynamic. It can turn text into
images, tables, links, etc.
Web Page: A web page is a document which is commonly written in HTML and translated by a web browser. A
web page can be identified by entering an URL. A Web page can be of the static or dynamic type. With the help of
HTML only, we can create static web pages.
Hence, HTML is a markup language which is used for creating attractive web pages with the help of styling, and
which looks in a nice format on a web browser. An HTML document is made of many HTML tags and each HTML
tag contains different content.
Let's see a simple example of HTML.
1. <!DOCTYPE>
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. <title>Web page title</title>
5. </head>
6. <body>
7. <h1>Write Your First Heading</h1>
8. <p>Write Your First Paragraph.</p>
9. </body>
10. </html>
,Description of HTML Example
<!DOCTYPE>: It defines the document type or it instruct the browser about the version of HTML.
<html > :This tag informs the browser that it is an HTML document. Text between html tag describes the web
document. It is a container for all other elements of HTML except <!DOCTYPE>
<head>: It should be the first element inside the <html> element, which contains the metadata(information about
the document). It must be closed before the body tag opens.
<title>: As its name suggested, it is used to add title of that HTML page which appears at the top of the browser
window. It must be placed inside the head tag and should close immediately. (Optional)
<body> : Text between body tag describes the body content of the page that is visible to the end user. This tag
contains the main content of the HTML document.
<h1> : Text between <h1> tag describes the first level heading of the webpage.
<p> : Text between <p> tag describes the paragraph of the webpage.
Brief History of HTML
In the late 1980's , a physicist, Tim Berners-Lee who was a contractor at CERN, proposed a system for CERN
researchers. In 1989, he wrote a memo proposing an internet based hypertext system.
Tim Berners-Lee is known as the father of HTML. The first available description of HTML was a document called
"HTML Tags" proposed by Tim in late 1991. The latest version of HTML is HTML5, which we will learn later in
this tutorial.
HTML Versions
Since the time HTML was invented there are lots of HTML versions in market, the brief introduction about the
HTML version is given below:
HTML 1.0: The first version of HTML was 1.0, which was the barebones version of HTML language, and it was
released in1991.
HTML 2.0: This was the next version which was released in 1995, and it was standard language version for website
design. HTML 2.0 was able to support extra features such as form-based file upload, form elements such as text box,
option button, etc.
HTML 3.2: HTML 3.2 version was published by W3C in early 1997. This version was capable of creating tables
and providing support for extra options for form elements. It can also support a web page with complex
mathematical equations. It became an official standard for any browser till January 1997. Today it is practically
supported by most of the browsers.
HTML 4.01: HTML 4.01 version was released on December 1999, and it is a very stable version of HTML
language. This version is the current official standard, and it provides added support for stylesheets (CSS) and
scripting ability for various multimedia elements.
HTML5 : HTML5 is the newest version of HyperText Markup language. The first draft of this version was
announced in January 2008. There are two major organizations one is W3C (World Wide Web Consortium), and
another one is WHATWG( Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group) which are involved in the
development of HTML 5 version, and still, it is under development.
, Features of HTML
1) It is a very easy and simple language. It can be easily understood and modified.
2) It is very easy to make an effective presentation with HTML because it has a lot of formatting tags.
3) It is a markup language, so it provides a flexible way to design web pages along with the text.
4) It facilitates programmers to add a link on the web pages (by html anchor tag), so it enhances the interest of
browsing of the user.
5) It is platform-independent because it can be displayed on any platform like Windows, Linux, and Macintosh,
etc.
6) It facilitates the programmer to add Graphics, Videos, and Sound to the web pages which makes it more
attractive and interactive.
7) HTML is a case-insensitive language, which means we can use tags either in lower-case or upper-case.
HTML <!DOCTYPE> tag
On the HTML document you have often seen that there is a <!DOCTYPE html> declaration before the <html> tag.
HTML <!DOCTYPE> tag is used to inform the browser about the version of HTML used in the document. It is
called as the document type declaration (DTD).
Technically <!DOCTYPE > is not a tag/element, it just an instruction to the browser about the document type. It is a
null element which does not contain the closing tag, and must not include any content within it.
Actually, there are many type of HTML e.g. HTML 4.01 Strict, HTML 4.01 Transitional, HTML 4.01 Frameset,
XHTML 1.0 Strict, XHTML 1.0 Transitional, XHTML 1.0 Frameset, XHTML 1.1 etc.
The doctype declaration differs between HTML versions. The HTML 5 doctype declaration is given below.
Syntax
<!DOCTYPE html>
Following are some specifications about the HTML <!DOCTYPE>
Display None
Start tag/End tag Start tag only
Usage Structural
Let's see an example of HTML document with doctype declaration.
1. <!DOCTYPE html>
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. <title>This is the title</title>
5. </head>
