Primary Classifications in Surveying
City and Archaeological Surveys
● Conducted in urban areas or archaeological sites
● Focus on mapping and measuring features like buildings,
roads, and historical artifacts
Preliminary and Location Surveys
● Preliminary surveys identify and assess potential survey sites
● Location surveys stake out and map specific sites for
construction purposes
Chain, Theodolite, and Tachometer Methods
● Chain method uses chains for measuring distances
● Theodolite method measures angles and distances with a
theodolite
● Tachometer method uses electronic distance measurement
devices
Meridian and Bearing Measurements
● Meridian measurements determine the North-South line
● Bearing measurements determine the direction of a line by
reference to true or magnetic North
Levelling & Level Measurements
● Used for determining differences in elevation between points
● Important for construction and engineering projects
Tracing Paper Methods for Surveying
● Involves creating a scaled drawing of a survey area
● Allows for easy visualization of survey data and
communication of survey findings.
, City and Archaeological Surveys
Primary Classifications in Surveying
Preliminary and Location Surveys
● Determine the location and boundaries of a property or site
● Include topographic, utility, and boundary surveys
Chain, Theodolite, and Tachometer Methods
● Methods of measuring distances and angles on a survey
● Chain: simple method using a chain to measure distance
● Theodolite: measures horizontal and vertical angles
● Tachometer: measures distance electronically, faster and more
accurate than chain method
Meridian and Bearing Measurements
● Measurements taken in relation to a known point or direction
● Meridian: a line of longitude, used as a reference for
measurements
● Bearing: a direction expressed as an angle between the meridian
and the object's location
Levelling & Level Measurements
● Measurements of elevation and differences in height
● Levelling: the process of determining the height of a point in
relation to a reference point
City and Archaeological Surveys
● Conducted in urban areas or archaeological sites
● Focus on mapping and measuring features like buildings,
roads, and historical artifacts
Preliminary and Location Surveys
● Preliminary surveys identify and assess potential survey sites
● Location surveys stake out and map specific sites for
construction purposes
Chain, Theodolite, and Tachometer Methods
● Chain method uses chains for measuring distances
● Theodolite method measures angles and distances with a
theodolite
● Tachometer method uses electronic distance measurement
devices
Meridian and Bearing Measurements
● Meridian measurements determine the North-South line
● Bearing measurements determine the direction of a line by
reference to true or magnetic North
Levelling & Level Measurements
● Used for determining differences in elevation between points
● Important for construction and engineering projects
Tracing Paper Methods for Surveying
● Involves creating a scaled drawing of a survey area
● Allows for easy visualization of survey data and
communication of survey findings.
, City and Archaeological Surveys
Primary Classifications in Surveying
Preliminary and Location Surveys
● Determine the location and boundaries of a property or site
● Include topographic, utility, and boundary surveys
Chain, Theodolite, and Tachometer Methods
● Methods of measuring distances and angles on a survey
● Chain: simple method using a chain to measure distance
● Theodolite: measures horizontal and vertical angles
● Tachometer: measures distance electronically, faster and more
accurate than chain method
Meridian and Bearing Measurements
● Measurements taken in relation to a known point or direction
● Meridian: a line of longitude, used as a reference for
measurements
● Bearing: a direction expressed as an angle between the meridian
and the object's location
Levelling & Level Measurements
● Measurements of elevation and differences in height
● Levelling: the process of determining the height of a point in
relation to a reference point
