NTA NTP 12: Immune System exam questions and answers

NTA NTP 12: Immune System exam questions and answers Immune System (Parts & Function): Integumentary System -Correct Answer-Provides physical barriers and non-specific innate immunity: 1. Cutaneous membranes: cover and protect exterior surfaces of body 2. Mucous membranes: line and protect body cavities and organs 3. Serous membranes: surround and protect organs 4. Synovial membranes: line and protect joints 5. Adipose tissue: communicates metabolic state of body to immune system via hormones called adipokines, which in turn control immune cell activity Immune System (Parts & Function): Digestive System -Correct Answer-Provides physical barriers, innate and adaptive immunity: 1. HCl and pepsin: neutralizes pathogens before entering intestine 2. GALT: houses 70-80% of immune system cells 3. Epithelial cells: secrete protective mucous as barrier against colonization and invasion by pathogens (1 layer thick in small intestine; 2 layers thick in large intestine), rich in antimicrobial proteins like lysozyme (enzyme that catalyzes destruction of cell walls of certain bacteria), facilitate nutrient digestion and assimilations, provide immunological surveillance signals at gut-mucosa-lumen interaface 4. Gut Flora in Large Intestine: stimulates immunity, feeds epithelial cells (produce SFAs for fuel), crowds out pathogenic bacteria Immune System (Parts & Function): Lymphatic System- Primary Organs & Tissues -Correct Answer--Bone Marrow -Thymus Immune System (Parts & Function): Bone Marrow -Correct Answer--Spongy tissue inside bones where all new blood cells and immune cells are created -Housed mainly in central skeletal system--pelvis, sternum, cranium, ribs, vertebrae, scapulae, femur Immune System (Parts & Function): Thymus -Correct Answer--Adaptive immune response "school" where T cells are taught how to respond to specific pathogens and how to differentiate between self-cells and invaders -Immature T cells migrate from b_______ m____________ to t_______________ to continue development -Once mature, T cells migrate to other lymphatic tissue and organs where they become active when needed Immune System (Parts & Function): Lymphatic System- Secondary Organs & Tissues -Correct Answer--Lymph nodes -Lymphatic vessels -Lymphatic fluid -MALT (Mucosal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue) -Spleen Main transportation systems and "meet-up spots" for pathogens, antigens, phagocytes, B cells, and T cells Immune System (Parts & Function): Lymph Nodes -Correct Answer--"Dating bars" where B and T cells meet antigens and antigen presenting cells -Antigens and antigen presenting cells enter through incoming arteriole or (afferent) lymphatic vessel (a