YMCA Lifeguarding Test Updated 2024/2025 Actual Questions and answers with complete solutions

Cardiac Arrest - Heart ceases to function and pump blood. Eyes dilate and skin turns blue. Without CPR, lack of oxygen will cause irreversible brain damage Characteristics of drowning victims - An inability to call for help & a panicked facial expression, head back and body low into the water, arms extended out from the sides and moving up and down ineffectively in an attempt to keep the face above the water, little to no support from the kick, an upright (verticle) position facing the nearest source of assistance Common causes of accidents at Waterparks - Unsafe design, facility operations, poor supervision, patron behavior, poor communication by management Different Types of Emergencies - Medical, water, missing persons, environmental (weather), chemical, mechanical, facility, extreme violence Dsypnea - Difficult breathing, glottis being to partially relax. Body and head lower into the water; more water is swallowed. Water starts to fill the lungs, coughing and vomiting might occur. Victims become weaker from struggling and sinks lower into the water Early warning signs of drowning - A weak stroke, hair in the eyes, glassy eyes, two heads together, hand waving, moving toward a pier, erratic behavior, clinging to objects, neutral to negative buoyancy, inability to respond verbally How long does it take an adult to struggle to stay above water? - 60 seconds How long does it take for a person to slip under the surface? - It takes 20-60 seconds How long is cardiac arrest? - after 5 minutes, normal recovery is unlikely unless water temperature is below 70 degrees How long is Dsypnea? - 60-90 secondsHow long is Initial Apnea? - 0-3 minutes, excellent chance for normal survival How long is Terminal Apnea? - 90 seconds- 3 minutes. Survival is likely but the longer the time period, the more probable it is that permanent neurological damage occurs