AHA CH 17 ABDOMEN TEST EXAM WITH COMPLETE
QUESTIONS & CORRECT ANSWERS |LATEST | UPDATED
ASSURED SATISFACTION|
Acute glomerulonephritis - Correct Answer Inflammation of the capillary loops of the renal glomeruli;
results from immune complex
deposition or formation.
Acute pancreatitis - Correct Answer —an acute inflammatory process in which release of pancreatic
enzymes results in glandular
autodigestion; there are several known causes, including biliary disease and chronic alcohol use.
Acute renal failure - Correct Answer —a sudden impairment of renal function over hours to days,
resulting in an acute uremic episode; the most common clinical laboratory finding is a RISE in the serum
creatinine concentration.
Ascites - Correct Answer —a pathologic increase in fluid in the peritoneal cavity; may be suspected in
the patient with risk factors.
Ballottement - Correct Answer —a palpation technique used to assess an organ or a mass
Biliary atresia - Correct Answer —a congenital obstruction or absence of some or all of the bile duct
system, resulting in bile flow
obstruction; most have complete absence of the entire extrahepatic biliary tree.
Borborygmi - Correct Answer —loud, prolonged gurgles.
Cholecystitis - Correct Answer —an inflammatory process of the gallbladder most commonly caused by
obstruction of the cystic duct from cholelithiasis, which may be either acute or chronic.
Cholelithiasis - Correct Answer —stone formation in the gallbladder that occurs when certain substances
reach a high concentration in bile
,and produce crystals.
Chronic pancreatitis - Correct Answer —a chronic inflammatory process of the pancreas characterized
by irreversible morphologic
changes resulting in atrophy, fibrosis, and pancreatic calcifications.
Cirrhosis - Correct Answer —a diffuse hepatic process characterized by fibrosis and alteration of normal
liver architecture into structurally abnormal nodules.
Colic - Correct Answer —spasmodic pains in the abdomen.
Crohn disease - Correct Answer —chronic inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the
gastrointestinal tract; produces ulceration, fibrosis, and malabsorption; the terminal ileum and colon are
the most common sites.
Diarrhea - Correct Answer —frequent liquid or loose stools lasting less than 4 weeks in duration; usually
abrupt in onset and lasting less than 2 weeks.
Diverticular disease - Correct Answer —a disease characterized by the presence of saclike mucosal
outpouchings through colonic muscle; may involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract.
Duodenal ulcer - Correct Answer —chronic circumscribed break in the duodenal mucosa that scars with
healing; may develop from
infection with Helicobacter pylori and increased gastric acid.
Fecal incontinence - Correct Answer —inability to control bowel movements, leading to leakage of stool;
associated with three major
causes:
fecal impaction,
underlying disease, and
neurogenic disorder.
, Gastroesophageal reflux disease - Correct Answer —backward flow of gastric contents, which are
typically acidic, into the esophagus.
Hemolytic uremic syndrome - Correct Answer —triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia,
thrombocytopenia, and uremia; one of the
most common causes of acute renal failure in children
Hepatitis - Correct Answer —inflammatory process of the liver characterized by diffuse or patchy
hepatocellular necrosis, usually caused by viral infection, alcohol, drugs, or toxins.
Hiatal hernia with esophagitis - Correct Answer —condition in which part of the stomach passes through
the esophageal hiatus in the
diaphragm and into the chest cavity; very common and occurs most often in women and older adults.
Hirschsprung disease (congenital aganglionic megacolon) - Correct Answer —primary absence of
parasympathetic ganglion cells in a segment of the colon, interrupting intestinal motility; abnormal
intestinal innervation results in the absence of peristalsis, which leads to accumulation of stool proximal
to the defect and intestinal obstruction.
Hydronephrosis - Correct Answer —dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces caused by an obstruction of
urine flow anywhere from the
urethral meatus to the kidneys; increasing ureteral pressure results in changes in the glomerular
filtration, tubular function, and renal blood flow.
Possible causes include a kidney stone, an infection, an enlarged prostate, a blood clot, or a tumor.
Symptoms include difficulty urinating and pain in the side, abdomen, or groin.
Intussusception - Correct Answer —prolapse or telescoping of one segment of intestine into another,
causing intestinal obstruction; commonly occurs in infants between 3 and 12 months of age.
Irritable bowel syndrome - Correct Answer —disorder of intestinal motility
QUESTIONS & CORRECT ANSWERS |LATEST | UPDATED
ASSURED SATISFACTION|
Acute glomerulonephritis - Correct Answer Inflammation of the capillary loops of the renal glomeruli;
results from immune complex
deposition or formation.
Acute pancreatitis - Correct Answer —an acute inflammatory process in which release of pancreatic
enzymes results in glandular
autodigestion; there are several known causes, including biliary disease and chronic alcohol use.
Acute renal failure - Correct Answer —a sudden impairment of renal function over hours to days,
resulting in an acute uremic episode; the most common clinical laboratory finding is a RISE in the serum
creatinine concentration.
Ascites - Correct Answer —a pathologic increase in fluid in the peritoneal cavity; may be suspected in
the patient with risk factors.
Ballottement - Correct Answer —a palpation technique used to assess an organ or a mass
Biliary atresia - Correct Answer —a congenital obstruction or absence of some or all of the bile duct
system, resulting in bile flow
obstruction; most have complete absence of the entire extrahepatic biliary tree.
Borborygmi - Correct Answer —loud, prolonged gurgles.
Cholecystitis - Correct Answer —an inflammatory process of the gallbladder most commonly caused by
obstruction of the cystic duct from cholelithiasis, which may be either acute or chronic.
Cholelithiasis - Correct Answer —stone formation in the gallbladder that occurs when certain substances
reach a high concentration in bile
,and produce crystals.
Chronic pancreatitis - Correct Answer —a chronic inflammatory process of the pancreas characterized
by irreversible morphologic
changes resulting in atrophy, fibrosis, and pancreatic calcifications.
Cirrhosis - Correct Answer —a diffuse hepatic process characterized by fibrosis and alteration of normal
liver architecture into structurally abnormal nodules.
Colic - Correct Answer —spasmodic pains in the abdomen.
Crohn disease - Correct Answer —chronic inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the
gastrointestinal tract; produces ulceration, fibrosis, and malabsorption; the terminal ileum and colon are
the most common sites.
Diarrhea - Correct Answer —frequent liquid or loose stools lasting less than 4 weeks in duration; usually
abrupt in onset and lasting less than 2 weeks.
Diverticular disease - Correct Answer —a disease characterized by the presence of saclike mucosal
outpouchings through colonic muscle; may involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract.
Duodenal ulcer - Correct Answer —chronic circumscribed break in the duodenal mucosa that scars with
healing; may develop from
infection with Helicobacter pylori and increased gastric acid.
Fecal incontinence - Correct Answer —inability to control bowel movements, leading to leakage of stool;
associated with three major
causes:
fecal impaction,
underlying disease, and
neurogenic disorder.
, Gastroesophageal reflux disease - Correct Answer —backward flow of gastric contents, which are
typically acidic, into the esophagus.
Hemolytic uremic syndrome - Correct Answer —triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia,
thrombocytopenia, and uremia; one of the
most common causes of acute renal failure in children
Hepatitis - Correct Answer —inflammatory process of the liver characterized by diffuse or patchy
hepatocellular necrosis, usually caused by viral infection, alcohol, drugs, or toxins.
Hiatal hernia with esophagitis - Correct Answer —condition in which part of the stomach passes through
the esophageal hiatus in the
diaphragm and into the chest cavity; very common and occurs most often in women and older adults.
Hirschsprung disease (congenital aganglionic megacolon) - Correct Answer —primary absence of
parasympathetic ganglion cells in a segment of the colon, interrupting intestinal motility; abnormal
intestinal innervation results in the absence of peristalsis, which leads to accumulation of stool proximal
to the defect and intestinal obstruction.
Hydronephrosis - Correct Answer —dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces caused by an obstruction of
urine flow anywhere from the
urethral meatus to the kidneys; increasing ureteral pressure results in changes in the glomerular
filtration, tubular function, and renal blood flow.
Possible causes include a kidney stone, an infection, an enlarged prostate, a blood clot, or a tumor.
Symptoms include difficulty urinating and pain in the side, abdomen, or groin.
Intussusception - Correct Answer —prolapse or telescoping of one segment of intestine into another,
causing intestinal obstruction; commonly occurs in infants between 3 and 12 months of age.
Irritable bowel syndrome - Correct Answer —disorder of intestinal motility
