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NUR 505 Exam 2 | Advanced
Nursing | Clinical Questions &
Answers | Verified Solutions
Exam Structure:
Subject: Advanced Pathophysiology / NUR 505 Exam 2 Review
Source: NUR 505 Exam 2
Format: Comprehensive Question and Answer Review with Rationales
Innate and Adaptive Immunity
1. Which of the following describes a primary host defense?
Answer: The skin produces sebum and sweat in glands within the dermal
layer.
Rationale:
1. Primary host defenses are physical and chemical barriers that
prevent pathogen entry.
2. Skin with sebum and sweat provides a mechanical barrier and
antimicrobial environment.
3. Secondary defenses include inflammation and phagocytosis.
4. Tertiary defenses involve the adaptive immune system.
2. Which of the following is a component of the innate immune
response?
Answer: Neutrophils.
Rationale:
1. Innate immunity includes physical barriers, phagocytic cells
(neutrophils, macrophages), and inflammation.
2. Neutrophils are the first responders to bacterial infection.
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3. Adaptive immunity involves lymphocytes (B and T cells).
4. Innate response is non-specific and rapid.
3. What of the following is the earliest step in the acute inflammatory
response?
Answer: Mast cells releasing histamine.
Rationale:
1. Mast cells release histamine immediately after tissue injury.
2. Histamine causes vasodilation and increased vascular permeability.
3. This allows other immune cells to reach the site.
4. Later steps include neutrophil chemotaxis and phagocytosis.
4. A complete blood count with differential white cell counts is drawn
on a patient with an acute bacterial infection. Which of the following
results is expected?
Answer: Leukocytosis related to increased neutrophils.
Rationale:
1. Bacterial infection typically causes neutrophilia.
2. Neutrophils are the primary phagocytes against bacteria.
3. Lymphocytosis is more common in viral infections.
4. Eosinophilia is seen in allergic reactions and parasitic infections.
5. Antihistamines given to treat allergies counteract that action of
which cells?
Answer: Mast cells.
Rationale:
1. Mast cells release histamine during allergic reactions.
2. Antihistamines block histamine receptors.
3. This reduces symptoms like itching, sneezing, and vasodilation.
4. Mast cell stabilizers prevent degranulation.
6. Which of the following best characterizes innate immunity?
Answer: It begins with myeloid lineage blood cells and recognizes common
pathogen patterns.
Rationale:
1. Innate immunity uses pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to
identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).
2. Myeloid cells (neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells) are key
players.
3. Adaptive immunity is more specific and slower.
4. Innate response does not have immunological memory.
NUR 505 Exam 2 | Advanced
Nursing | Clinical Questions &
Answers | Verified Solutions
Exam Structure:
Subject: Advanced Pathophysiology / NUR 505 Exam 2 Review
Source: NUR 505 Exam 2
Format: Comprehensive Question and Answer Review with Rationales
Innate and Adaptive Immunity
1. Which of the following describes a primary host defense?
Answer: The skin produces sebum and sweat in glands within the dermal
layer.
Rationale:
1. Primary host defenses are physical and chemical barriers that
prevent pathogen entry.
2. Skin with sebum and sweat provides a mechanical barrier and
antimicrobial environment.
3. Secondary defenses include inflammation and phagocytosis.
4. Tertiary defenses involve the adaptive immune system.
2. Which of the following is a component of the innate immune
response?
Answer: Neutrophils.
Rationale:
1. Innate immunity includes physical barriers, phagocytic cells
(neutrophils, macrophages), and inflammation.
2. Neutrophils are the first responders to bacterial infection.
, 2|Page
3. Adaptive immunity involves lymphocytes (B and T cells).
4. Innate response is non-specific and rapid.
3. What of the following is the earliest step in the acute inflammatory
response?
Answer: Mast cells releasing histamine.
Rationale:
1. Mast cells release histamine immediately after tissue injury.
2. Histamine causes vasodilation and increased vascular permeability.
3. This allows other immune cells to reach the site.
4. Later steps include neutrophil chemotaxis and phagocytosis.
4. A complete blood count with differential white cell counts is drawn
on a patient with an acute bacterial infection. Which of the following
results is expected?
Answer: Leukocytosis related to increased neutrophils.
Rationale:
1. Bacterial infection typically causes neutrophilia.
2. Neutrophils are the primary phagocytes against bacteria.
3. Lymphocytosis is more common in viral infections.
4. Eosinophilia is seen in allergic reactions and parasitic infections.
5. Antihistamines given to treat allergies counteract that action of
which cells?
Answer: Mast cells.
Rationale:
1. Mast cells release histamine during allergic reactions.
2. Antihistamines block histamine receptors.
3. This reduces symptoms like itching, sneezing, and vasodilation.
4. Mast cell stabilizers prevent degranulation.
6. Which of the following best characterizes innate immunity?
Answer: It begins with myeloid lineage blood cells and recognizes common
pathogen patterns.
Rationale:
1. Innate immunity uses pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to
identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).
2. Myeloid cells (neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells) are key
players.
3. Adaptive immunity is more specific and slower.
4. Innate response does not have immunological memory.
