HESI PHARMACOLOGY EXAM Q & A WITH RATIONALE 2024 GRADED A (LATEST UPDATE WITH VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

HESI PHARMACOLOGY EXAM Q & A WITH RATIONALE 2024 GRADED A (LATEST UPDATE WITH VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A client with chronic gouty arthritis takes allopurinol (Zyloprim) and experiences an acute attack of gouty arthritis. The HCP prescribes concurrent low -dose colchicine. What information should the nurse provide the client that best explains the action of the colchicine? A. Prevents formation of uric acid crystals B. Facilitates the excret ion of uric acid C. Acts like aspirin to relieve pain D. Reduces inflammation at the affected site - D. Reduces inflammation at the affected site Which statement by a client warrants further instruction by the nurse about the changing insulin needs of a d iabetic client during pregnancy? A. "Episodes of hypoglycemia are more likely to occur during the first 3 months." B. "Insulin dosage will likely need to be increased during the second and third trimesters." C. "Breastfeeding will decrease my insulin needs to lower than my prepregnancy levels." D. "I will increase my insulin dosage by 5 units each month during the first trimester." - D. "I will increase my insulin dosage by 5 units each month during the first trimester." Which route should the nurse clarif y with the HCP prior to administering a drug with a high first -pass effect? A. Buccal B. Oral C. Sublingual D. Intravenous - B. Oral A pediatric client who has been diagnosed with partial seizures receives a prescription for topiramate (Topamax). What information should the nurse provide to the child's parents? A. Avoid prolonged exposure to direct sunlight B. Administer the tablet an h our before meals C. Do not crush the tablet prior to administration D. Give the medication with 8 oz of orange juice - C. Do not crush the tablet prior to administration A client asks the nurse to explain the meaning of a narrow therapeutic index of medic ation. What information should the nurse use to answer the question? A. Bioavailability is significantly reduced by the first -pass effect B. Minimum dosage is needed for the medication to be effective C. A small margin exists between safe and toxic plasma levels D. The onset of action for the medication occurs very quickly - C. A small margin exists between safe and toxic plasma levels A client with chronic schizophrenia illness is admitted after taking risperidone (Risperdal) 10 mg/day for 3 months. The n urse implements a daily assessment using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS). What findings should the nurse report to the HCP? A. Dry mouth, constipation, and blurred vision B. Cogwheel rigidity C. Tremors and muscle twitching D. Drowsiness and dizziness - C. Tremors and muscle twitching A school -aged child is taking methylphenidate hydrochloride (Ritalin() for the treatment of attention -deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The mother tells the nurse that she gives the medication at bedtime s o it is "working" during school the next morning. What modification to the administration plan should the nurse recommend to this mother? A. Take the medication with meals B. Give the medication when the child arrives at school C. Continue administering th e medication dose at bedtime D. Administer at least six hours before bedtime - D. Administer at least six hours before bedtime A client who is recently diagnosed with myasthenia gravis receives a prescription for pyridostigmine (Mestinon), a cholinergic a gent. Which information should the nurse instruct the client to implement when taking this medication? A. Plan the doses close together for maximal therapeutic effect B. Take the medication at least 30 minutes before eating meals C. Always take with meals to avoid GI distress D. Avoid dairy products two hours before and after taking medications - B. Take the medication at least 30 minutes before eating meals Which drug of choice is indicated for acute ventricular dysrhythmias associated with myocardial infarction? A. Diltiazem B. Amiodarone C. Adenosine D. Bretylium - B. Amiodarone A client with pneumonia receives a prescription for tetracycline (Sumycin). Wh at precaution should the nurse include in this client's teaching? A. Avoid dairy products for 2 hours after taking the medication B. Take the medication with a glass of orange juice C. Avoid OTC medications containing alcohol D. Do not use teeth whitening agents during the treatment regimen - A. Avoid dairy products for 2 hours after taking the medication