HN 308 Exam 4 Questions and Correct Answers

if consumed in sufficient amounts, any energy producing nutrient ________, __________, and ________ can fuel the body in the short term Ans carbohydrate; fat; protein AAs can be either ______ or ______ or both. Ans glucogenic; ketogenic the glucogenic AAs can be converted to ________ or intermediates of TCA cycle, including _________, ________, ___________, _________ Ans pyruvate; oxaloacetate, fumarate, succinyl CoA, alpha-ketoglutarate via gluconeogenesis pathway, AAs can be eventually converted to glucose in the ________ or _________ Ans liver; kidney carbohydrate (glucose) can be converted to AAs via metabolic intermediates such as _______ and _________ Ans pyruvate; oxaloacetate the ketogenic AAs can be converted to _________ or _________ Ans acetyl CoA, acetoacetate _________ is the precursor for de novo fatty acids Ans acetyl CoA as most AAs are both ketogenic and glucogenic, AAs can be converted to ______ Ans fat ____________ can be used to synthesize portions of the keto acids used to form some AAs Ans fatty acids the weight gain after carbohydrate food consumption is due to the fact that carbohydrate spares ________ pathway and promotes weight gain Ans lipolysis glucose is a precursor for ______ and _______ Ans glycerol; fatty acids glycolysis pathway produces ______, which is subsequently converted to ___________ by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex inside ________ Ans pyruvate; acetyl Coa; mitochondria via citrate shuttle system, ______ can serve as a precursor for ______ synthesis via a process called de novo lipogenesis, which occurs in ______ Ans acetyl CoA; fatty acid; cytosol DHAP can be reduced to _______, the active form of glycerol from lipolysis Ans G3P only __________ portion from fat can be converted to carbohydrate via ___________ Ans glycerol; gluconeogenesi