Organic Chemistry ACS Final Exam

  Functional group of alcohol - Correct Answers: hydroxyl Functional group of aldehyde - Correct Answers: carbonyl Functional group of amide - Correct Answers: carboxamide Functional group of amine - Correct Answers: amino Functional group of carboxylic acid - Correct Answers: carboxyl Functional group of ester - Correct Answers: ester Functional group of ether - Correct Answers: ether Functional group of halide - Correct Answers: halogen Functional group of ketone - Correct Answers: carboxyl Basic structure of alkanes - Correct Answers: CH3-CH3 Basic structure of alkenes - Correct Answers: CH2=CH2 Basic structure of alkynes - Correct Answers: CH=-CH Basic structure of alcohols - Correct Answers: ROH Basic structure of phenols - Correct Answers: Ar-OH Basic structure of thiols - Correct Answers: RCSH Basic structure of ethers - Correct Answers: ROR Basic structure of aldehydes - Correct Answers: RCOH Basic structure of ketones - Correct Answers: RCOR' Basic structure of carboxylic acids - Correct Answers: RCOOH Basic structure of esters - Correct Answers: RCOOR Basic structure of acid chloride - Correct Answers: RCOCl Basic structure of acid anhydride - Correct Answers: RCOOCOR Basic structure of phosphoester - Correct Answers: ROPO(OH)2 Basic structure of thioester - Correct Answers: RSCOR Basic structure of amines - Correct Answers: RNH2 Basic structure of amides - Correct Answers: RCONH2 What is the difference between primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols? - Correct Answers: the carbon that has the hydroxyl group attached to it the # of carbons attached What is the difference between primary, secondary and tertiary amines? - Correct Answers: the carbon that has the nitrogen attached to it the # of carbons attached What is the general formula for a chain alkane? - Correct Answers: C(n) H(2n+2) What is the general formula for a chain alkene? - Correct Answers: C(n) H(2n) What is the general formula for a chain alkyne? - Correct Answers: C(n) H(2n-2) Describe the boiling point and solubility of: alkanes - Correct Answers: insoluble low boiling points Describe the boiling point and solubility of: alkenes - Correct Answers: insoluble boiling points rise with molecular weight Describe the boiling point and solubility of: alkynes - Correct Answers: insoluble boiling points rise with molecular weight Describe the boiling point and solubility of: alcohols - Correct Answers: abnormally high boiling points soluble Describe the boiling point and solubility of: phenols - Correct Answers: simpler phenols are somewhat water soluble Describe the boiling point and solubility of: ethers - Correct Answers: much lower boiling points than alcohols slightly polar Describe the boiling point and solubility of: aldehydes - Correct Answers: polar higher boiling point than hydrocarbons and ethers lower boiling point then alcohols Describe the boiling point and solubility of: ketones - Correct Answers: polar higher boiling point than hydrocarbons and ethers lower boiling point then alcohols Describe the boiling point and solubility of: carboxylic acids - Correct Answers: highest boiling points of all groups Describe the boiling point and solubility of: esters - Correct Answers: mildly polar somewhat water soluble Describe the boiling point and solubility of: amines - Correct Answers: boiling points between alkanes and alcohols Describe the boiling point and solubility of: amides - Correct Answers: very high boiling points very soluble in water Describe the isopropyl alkyl group - Correct Answers: -- CH -- CH3 -- CH3 Describe the isobutyl alkyl group - Correct Answers: -- CH2 -- CH -- CH3 --CH3 Describe the sec-butyl alkyl group - Correct Answers: --CH -- CH2 -- CH3 --CH3 Describe the tert-butyl alkyl group - Correct Answers: CH3 CH3 -- C -- CH3 Describe the acetyl alkyl group - Correct Answers: -- C -- CH3 = CH3 Describe hydrogenation - Correct Answers: adding in H2 Describe hydration - Correct Answers: adding in H20 Describe halogenation - Correct Answers: adding in a halogen like Cl2 Describe hydrohalogenation - Correct Answers: adding in HBr or HCl Describe cis-trans isomers - Correct Answers: in rings or double bonds when compounds are opposite of each other What happens to rotations when a double bond or ring is incorporated? - Correct Answers: rotation is restricted C4H10O How many structural isomers does the compound have? - Correct Answers: hydroxyl functional group CH3CH2CH2CH2OH CH3CH2CH2(OH)CH3 CH3-C(CH3)(OH)-CH3 CH3CH(CH3)CH2OH CH3OCH(CH3)Ch3 CH3OCH2CH2CH3 CH3CH2OCH2CH3 Which functional groups can be a part of cyclic structure? - Correct Answers: alcohol ester ketone ether not aldehyde The boiling point depends upon what? - Correct Answers: strength of the intermolecular forces hydrogen bonding As the number of the carbons in the chain increases, what happens to the boiling point? - Correct Answers: raises As the number of branches increases, what happens to the boiling point? - Correct Answers: decreases The more hydroxyl groups, what happens to solubility? - Correct Answers: more soluble Main type of reaction that an alkene will undergo? - Correct Answers: addition Main type of reaction that an alkane will undergo? - Correct Answers: substitution Main type of reaction that a benzene will undergo? - Correct Answers: substitution Show the Lewis structure - Correct Answers: show lone pairs on the oxygens and nitrogens What is the most important acid among organic compounds? - Correct Answers: carboxylic acid What is the most important base among organic compounds? - Correct Answers: amine (derivative of ammonia) Heterocyclic aromatic compounds - Correct Answers: nitrogen is part of the ring Common names of benzene derivatives CH3 - Correct Answers: toluene Common names of benzene derivatives OH - Correct Answers: phenyl Common names of benzene derivatives NH2 - Correct Answers: analine Common names of benzene derivatives OCH3 - Correct Answers: anisole What is tautomerization? - Correct Answers: extra electron pair from double bond with O moves to in between two carbons and a hydroxide is formed keto form --- enol form Which tautomer form is most stable? - Correct Answers: keto form Hydrogenation of an aldehyde produces: - Correct Answers: alcohol Secondary alcohol exposed to oxidizing agent. Oxidizing a secondary alcohol produces: - Correct Answers: ketone Oxidizing an aldehyde produces: - Correct Answers: carboxylic acid Oxidizing a primary alcohol produces: - Correct Answers: aldehyde Oxidizing a tertiary alcohol produces: - Correct Answers: no reaction cannot oxidize a tertiary alcohol Hydrogenating an alkene produces: - Correct Answers: alkane Hydrating an alkene produces: - Correct Answers: alcohol Markovkinov's rule: Where does the hydrogen go when hydrating an alkene? - Correct Answers: the hydrogen will preferentially go to the carbon which has more hydrogens bound to it Alkane exposed to O2 in a combustion reaction produces: - Correct Answers: H2O and CO2 balance equation Carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol to produce: - Correct Answers: an ester and H2O An amine exposed to strong acid (HCl) produces: What happens to an amine under acidic conditions? - Correct Answers: alkamonium salt Aldehyde reacts with an alcohol to produce: - Correct Answers: hemiacetal Ketone reacting with an alcohol produces: - Correct Answers: hemiaketal