1|Pa ge
RASMUSSEN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM
2.2024/2025.WITH VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS.A+ GRADED.2024/2025.
Diverticula have become inflamed, usually because of retained fecal matter. Can result in
potentially fatal obstructions, infection, abscess, perforation, peritonitis, hemorrhage, and
shock. Often asymptomatic until the condition becomes serious ------CORRECT ANSWER-----
Diverticulitis
Manifestations?: abdominal cramping followed by passing a large quantity of frank blood, low-
grade fever, abdominal tenderness (usually left lower quadrant), abdominal distension,
constipation, obstipation, nausea, vomiting, palpable abdominal mass, and leukocytosis ------
CORRECT ANSWER-----Diverticular Disease
Consist of physical barriers, whereas functional obstructions result from GI tract dysfunction.
Partial or complete blockage of small or large bowel. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Mechanical
Bowel Obstruction
Caused by?: foreign bodies, adhesions, hernia, tumors, impacted feces, volvulus,
intussusception, strictures, Crohn's Disease, diverticulitis, Hirschsprung's disease, and fecal
impaction. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Mechanical Bowel Obstruction
Also called paralytic ileuses, usually result from neurologic impairment; intra -abdominal surgery
complications; chemical, electrolyte, and mineral disturbances; intra-abdominal infections;
abdominal blood supply impairment; renal and lung disease; and use of certain medications ----
--CORRECT ANSWER-----Functional Obstructions
Most commonly occurs as a secondary tumor that he metastasized from the breast, lung, or
other GI structures ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Liver Cancer
Causes of primary tumors in ____: chronic cirrhosis and hepatitis ------CORRECT ANSWER-----
Liver Cancer
Manifestations of?: Similar to those of other liver diseases. Include anorexia, fever, jaundice,
nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain (usually in the upper right quadrant), hepatomegaly,
splenomegaly, portal hypertension, edema, third spacing, ascites, paraneoplastic syndrome,
diaphoresis, and weight loss. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Liver Cancer
Inflammation of the pancreas that can be acute or chronic. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----
Pancreatitis
,2|Pa ge
Causes of?: Cholelithiasis, alcohol abuse, biliary dysfunction, hepatotoxic drugs, metabolic
disorders, trauma, renal failure, endocrine disorders, pancreatic tumors, and penetrating peptic
ulcer. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Pancreatitis
______ causes pancreatic enzymes to leak into the pancreatic tissue and initiate autodigestion,
resulting in edema, vascular damage, hemorrhage, and necrosis. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----
Pancreatic Injury
_____ is replaced by fibrosis, which causes exocrine and endocrine changes and dysfunction of
the islets of Langerhans ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Pancreatic Tissue
______ is considered a medical emergency. Mortality increases with advancing age and
comorbidity. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Acute Pancreatitis
Complications of?: Acute respiratory distress syndrome, diabetes mellitus, infection, shock,
disseminated intravascular coagulation, renal failure, malnutrition, pancreatic cancer,
pseudocyst, and abscess. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Acute Pancreatitis
Manifestations of?: usually sudden and severe. Upper abdominal pain that radiates to the back,
worsens after eating, and is somewhat relieved by leaning forward or pulling the knees toward
the chest. Nausea and vomiting. Mild jaundice. Low-grade fever. Blood pressure and pulse
changes. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Acute Pancreatitis
Manifestations of?: upper abdominal pain. Indigestion. Losing weight without trying.
Steatorrhea. Constipation. Flatuence. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Chronic Pancreatitis
Inflammation or infection in the biliary system caused by calculi ------CORRECT ANSWER-----
Cholecystitis
Varies in severity depending on size. May obstruct bile flow and cause gallbladder rupture,
fistula formation, gangrene, hepatitis, pancreatitis, and carcinoma ------CORRECT ANSWER-----
Cholecystitis
Gallstones. A common condition that affects both genders and all ethic groups relatively
equally. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Cholelithiasis
Risk factors of?: advancing age, obesity, diet, rapid weight loss, pregnancy, hormone
replacement, and long-term parenteral nutrition. Calculi vary in size and shape. ------CORRECT
ANSWER-----Cholelithiasis
Manifestations of?: biliary colic, abdominal distension, nausea, vomiting, jaundice, fever, and
leukocytes ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Cholelthiasis
, 3|Pa ge
Sudden loss of renal function. Generally reversible. Most commonly occurs in critically ill,
hospitalized patients. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Acute Renal Failure
Risk factors of?: advanced age, autoimmune disorders, and liver disease. ------CORRECT
ANSWER-----Acute Renal Failure
Causes of Acute Renal Failure: ______. Extremely low blood pressure or blood volume. Heart
dysfunction ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Prerenal Conditions
Causes of Acute Renal Failure: _____. Reduced blood supply within the kidneys. Hemolytic
uremic syndrome. Renal inflammation. Toxic injury. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Intrarenal
Conditions
Causes of Acute Renal Failure: _____. Ureter obstruction. Bladder obstruction and dysfunction.
------CORRECT ANSWER-----Postrenal Conditions
The four phases of Acute Renal Failure. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Asymptomatic Phase,
Oliguric Phase, Diuretic Phase, and Recovery Phase
Daily urine output decreases to approximately 400 mL or less, such that waste products begin
to accumulate. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Oliguric Phase
Daily urine output increases to as much as 5 L. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Diuretic Phase
Glomerular function gradually returns to normal. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Recovery Phase
Manifestations of?: decreasing urine output, electrolyte disturbances, fluid volume excess,
azotemia, and metabolic acidosis ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Oliguric Phase
Manifestations of?: increased urine output, electrolyte disturbances, dehydration, and
hypotension ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Diuretic Phase
Manifestations of?: symptoms begin resolving ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Recovery Phase
Gradual loss of renal function that is irreversible. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Chronic Kidney
Disease
Causes of?: diabetes mellitus, hypertension, urine obstructions, renal diseases, renal artery
stenosis, ongoing exposure to toxins and nephrotoxic medications, sickle cell disease, systemic
lupus erythematosus, smoking, advancing age. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Chronic Kidney
Disease
How many stages are there for Chronic Kidney Disease ------CORRECT ANSWER-----5
RASMUSSEN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM
2.2024/2025.WITH VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS.A+ GRADED.2024/2025.
Diverticula have become inflamed, usually because of retained fecal matter. Can result in
potentially fatal obstructions, infection, abscess, perforation, peritonitis, hemorrhage, and
shock. Often asymptomatic until the condition becomes serious ------CORRECT ANSWER-----
Diverticulitis
Manifestations?: abdominal cramping followed by passing a large quantity of frank blood, low-
grade fever, abdominal tenderness (usually left lower quadrant), abdominal distension,
constipation, obstipation, nausea, vomiting, palpable abdominal mass, and leukocytosis ------
CORRECT ANSWER-----Diverticular Disease
Consist of physical barriers, whereas functional obstructions result from GI tract dysfunction.
Partial or complete blockage of small or large bowel. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Mechanical
Bowel Obstruction
Caused by?: foreign bodies, adhesions, hernia, tumors, impacted feces, volvulus,
intussusception, strictures, Crohn's Disease, diverticulitis, Hirschsprung's disease, and fecal
impaction. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Mechanical Bowel Obstruction
Also called paralytic ileuses, usually result from neurologic impairment; intra -abdominal surgery
complications; chemical, electrolyte, and mineral disturbances; intra-abdominal infections;
abdominal blood supply impairment; renal and lung disease; and use of certain medications ----
--CORRECT ANSWER-----Functional Obstructions
Most commonly occurs as a secondary tumor that he metastasized from the breast, lung, or
other GI structures ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Liver Cancer
Causes of primary tumors in ____: chronic cirrhosis and hepatitis ------CORRECT ANSWER-----
Liver Cancer
Manifestations of?: Similar to those of other liver diseases. Include anorexia, fever, jaundice,
nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain (usually in the upper right quadrant), hepatomegaly,
splenomegaly, portal hypertension, edema, third spacing, ascites, paraneoplastic syndrome,
diaphoresis, and weight loss. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Liver Cancer
Inflammation of the pancreas that can be acute or chronic. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----
Pancreatitis
,2|Pa ge
Causes of?: Cholelithiasis, alcohol abuse, biliary dysfunction, hepatotoxic drugs, metabolic
disorders, trauma, renal failure, endocrine disorders, pancreatic tumors, and penetrating peptic
ulcer. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Pancreatitis
______ causes pancreatic enzymes to leak into the pancreatic tissue and initiate autodigestion,
resulting in edema, vascular damage, hemorrhage, and necrosis. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----
Pancreatic Injury
_____ is replaced by fibrosis, which causes exocrine and endocrine changes and dysfunction of
the islets of Langerhans ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Pancreatic Tissue
______ is considered a medical emergency. Mortality increases with advancing age and
comorbidity. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Acute Pancreatitis
Complications of?: Acute respiratory distress syndrome, diabetes mellitus, infection, shock,
disseminated intravascular coagulation, renal failure, malnutrition, pancreatic cancer,
pseudocyst, and abscess. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Acute Pancreatitis
Manifestations of?: usually sudden and severe. Upper abdominal pain that radiates to the back,
worsens after eating, and is somewhat relieved by leaning forward or pulling the knees toward
the chest. Nausea and vomiting. Mild jaundice. Low-grade fever. Blood pressure and pulse
changes. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Acute Pancreatitis
Manifestations of?: upper abdominal pain. Indigestion. Losing weight without trying.
Steatorrhea. Constipation. Flatuence. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Chronic Pancreatitis
Inflammation or infection in the biliary system caused by calculi ------CORRECT ANSWER-----
Cholecystitis
Varies in severity depending on size. May obstruct bile flow and cause gallbladder rupture,
fistula formation, gangrene, hepatitis, pancreatitis, and carcinoma ------CORRECT ANSWER-----
Cholecystitis
Gallstones. A common condition that affects both genders and all ethic groups relatively
equally. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Cholelithiasis
Risk factors of?: advancing age, obesity, diet, rapid weight loss, pregnancy, hormone
replacement, and long-term parenteral nutrition. Calculi vary in size and shape. ------CORRECT
ANSWER-----Cholelithiasis
Manifestations of?: biliary colic, abdominal distension, nausea, vomiting, jaundice, fever, and
leukocytes ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Cholelthiasis
, 3|Pa ge
Sudden loss of renal function. Generally reversible. Most commonly occurs in critically ill,
hospitalized patients. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Acute Renal Failure
Risk factors of?: advanced age, autoimmune disorders, and liver disease. ------CORRECT
ANSWER-----Acute Renal Failure
Causes of Acute Renal Failure: ______. Extremely low blood pressure or blood volume. Heart
dysfunction ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Prerenal Conditions
Causes of Acute Renal Failure: _____. Reduced blood supply within the kidneys. Hemolytic
uremic syndrome. Renal inflammation. Toxic injury. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Intrarenal
Conditions
Causes of Acute Renal Failure: _____. Ureter obstruction. Bladder obstruction and dysfunction.
------CORRECT ANSWER-----Postrenal Conditions
The four phases of Acute Renal Failure. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Asymptomatic Phase,
Oliguric Phase, Diuretic Phase, and Recovery Phase
Daily urine output decreases to approximately 400 mL or less, such that waste products begin
to accumulate. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Oliguric Phase
Daily urine output increases to as much as 5 L. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Diuretic Phase
Glomerular function gradually returns to normal. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Recovery Phase
Manifestations of?: decreasing urine output, electrolyte disturbances, fluid volume excess,
azotemia, and metabolic acidosis ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Oliguric Phase
Manifestations of?: increased urine output, electrolyte disturbances, dehydration, and
hypotension ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Diuretic Phase
Manifestations of?: symptoms begin resolving ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Recovery Phase
Gradual loss of renal function that is irreversible. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Chronic Kidney
Disease
Causes of?: diabetes mellitus, hypertension, urine obstructions, renal diseases, renal artery
stenosis, ongoing exposure to toxins and nephrotoxic medications, sickle cell disease, systemic
lupus erythematosus, smoking, advancing age. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----Chronic Kidney
Disease
How many stages are there for Chronic Kidney Disease ------CORRECT ANSWER-----5
